Brioude

Brioude

Bridge over the Allier

Coat of arms
Brioude

Coordinates: 45°17′42″N 3°23′06″E / 45.295°N 3.385°E / 45.295; 3.385Coordinates: 45°17′42″N 3°23′06″E / 45.295°N 3.385°E / 45.295; 3.385
Country France
Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Haute-Loire
Arrondissement Brioude
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2014) Jean-Jacques Faucher
Area1 13.52 km2 (5.22 sq mi)
Population (2009)2 6,670
 • Density 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 43040 / 43100
Elevation 414–622 m (1,358–2,041 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Brioude (French pronunciation: ​[bʁijud]; Auvergnat: Briude) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne region in south-central France. It lies on the banks of the River Allier, a tributary of the Loire.

History

At Brioude, the ancient Brivas, its martyrs in the 4th century, Julien and Ferréol, became its patron saints; according to the Chronicle of Moissac, Euric of Toulouse had the basilica built, in the fourteenth year of his reign (c. 480): it was wondrously decorated with columns.[1] The emperor Avitus (acclaimed at Toulouse, died 456) had already been buried at the shrine of Julian at Brivas (Brioude), according to Gregory of Tours.[2] Euric's basilica may have served to venerate both the saint and the Visigothic candidate for Roman Emperor.

Brioude was taken by the Franks, then in turn besieged and captured by the Goths (532), the Burgundians, the Saracens (732) and the Normans.[3] Carolingian Brioude remained a place of some importance: William I of Aquitaine minted deniers at Brioude. When Louis V of France married Adelaide of Anjou there in 980 they were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine; the couple was mismatched in age, and Adelaide fled Louis' house in 982, to Arles. The feast of Saint Julian, 28 August,[4] drew such crowds to the saint's relics that in the mid-11th century the chapter was obliged to build a hostel to care for the indigent pilgrim and the sick.[5] In 1181 Eracle III, viscount of Polignac, who had sacked the town two years previously, made public apology in front of the church and established a body of 25 knights to defend the relics of St Julian.[6][3] Odilo, later the reforming abbot of Cluny, began his vocation at St. Julian of Brioude, where 54 canons, all of noble birth, held a rank equivalent to bishop: Odilo's biographer reports that he fled. For some time after 1361 the town was the headquarters of Bérenger, lord of Castelnau, who was at the head of one of the bands of military adventurers which then devastated France. The knights (or canons, as they afterwards became) of St. Julian bore the title of counts of Brioude and for a long time opposed themselves to the civic liberties of the inhabitants.[3]

The Franks Casket is believed to have been looted from St. Julian of Brioude church during the French Revolution

The Almanach de Brioude published annually from 1919 has included many articles of local and broader interest.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17934,983—    
18005,386+8.1%
18065,486+1.9%
18215,132−6.5%
18315,099−0.6%
18365,247+2.9%
18414,940−5.9%
18464,962+0.4%
18514,804−3.2%
18564,928+2.6%
18614,950+0.4%
18664,932−0.4%
18724,616−6.4%
18764,747+2.8%
18814,987+5.1%
18865,102+2.3%
18914,928−3.4%
18964,963+0.7%
19014,841−2.5%
19064,865+0.5%
19114,903+0.8%
19214,754−3.0%
19265,104+7.4%
19315,113+0.2%
19365,039−1.4%
19465,623+11.6%
19545,687+1.1%
19626,184+8.7%
19687,195+16.3%
19757,773+8.0%
19827,483−3.7%
19907,285−2.6%
19996,820−6.4%
20066,688−1.9%
20096,670−0.3%

Sights

Basilica of St. Julien (1060-1180).

People

Twin towns

References

  1. ↑ "Apud Tolosam regnavit Eoricus super Gothicus post Theodoricum. Anno 14 regni sui basilicam sancti Juliani Brivate columnis ornatam mirifice construxit." (MGH SS 1;284, quoted by Werner Jacobsen, "Saints' Tombs in Frankish Church Architecture" Speculum 72.4 (October 1997):1107-1143) p. 1110, note 19.
  2. ↑ Historia Francorum 2.11.
  3. 1 2 3  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brioude". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 573.
  4. ↑ Catholic On-line: Saintsa & Angels: "Saint Julian of Auvergne"
  5. ↑ C. Lauranson-Rosaz, ''L'Auvergne et ses marges de VIIIe au XI siècles (Le-Puy-en-Velay) 1987, p 279.
  6. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=qm0OAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA134&ots=Z1Z_iQ8m0q&dq=brioude%20vicomte%20polignac%201181&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false
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