Brachyopoidea
| Brachyopoidea Temporal range: Early Triassic - Early Cretaceous | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Skull of the brachyopoid Pelorocephalus mendozensis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | †Temnospondyli |
| Suborder: | †Stereospondyli |
| Clade: | †Brachyopomorpha |
| Superfamily: | †Brachyopoidea Lydekker, 1885 |
| Subgroups | |
Brachyopoidea is a superfamily of temnospondyls that lived during the Mesozoic. It contains the families Brachyopidae and Chigutisauridae. The earliest records of brachyopids are from the Lower Triassic in Australia. The latest-surviving member of the superfamily is the chigutisaurid Koolasuchus from the Early Cretaceous of Australia.
Description
Some large brachiopoids, such as Siderops and Koolasuchus, grew to lengths of around 2.5 metres (8.2 ft). However, an unnamed Late Triassic or Early Jurassic brachiopoid from Lesotho in southern Africa is estimated to have been far larger. At an estimated 7 metres (23 ft), the brachiopoid from Lesotho is one of the largest amphibians sensu lato[a] ever known.[1] This estimate is based on a single jaw fragment found in 1970 by a French expedition near Alwynskop in Quthing.[2]
Because of its size, the fragment was initially considered to be from a mastodonsaur.[3] However, the specimen was redescribed as a brachyopoid in 2005. Several features of the specimen indicate that it is from a brachyopoid. There is a large tusk protruding from the ectopterygoid, a bone of the palate, and the dental morphology is similar to that of other brachyopoids. When viewed from the side, the upper margin of the jaw appears concave.[1]
Classification
Shown below is a cladogram of Brachyopoidea adapted from Ruta et al. (2007).[4]
| Brachyopoidea |
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Notes
- ^ Amphibians in the most general sense- i.e. terrestrial or semi-terrestrial vertebrates which do not belong to amniota.
References
- 1 2 Steyer, J.S.; Damiani, R. (2005). "A giant brachyopoid temnospondyl from the Upper Triassic or Lower Jurassic of Lesotho". Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France. 176 (3): 243–248. doi:10.2113/176.3.243.
- ↑ Abrose, D. (2006). "Lesotho Palaeontology Updated". Summary of Events in Lesotho. 3 (1).
- ↑ "Temnospondyli: Trematosauria (2): Rhytidosteids & Brachyopoids". Palaeos. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ↑ Ruta, M.; Pisani, D.; Lloyd, G. T.; Benton, M. J. (2007). "A supertree of Temnospondyli: cladogenetic patterns in the most species-rich group of early tetrapods". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 274 (1629): 3087–3095. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1250. PMC 2293949
. PMID 17925278.
General references
- Dong, Z. (1985). "The Dashanpu Dinosaur Fauna of Zigong Sichuan Short Report V - Labyrinthodont Amphibia". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 23: 301–306.
- Marsicano, Claudia A. (2005) A new temnospondyl record from the Upper Triassic of Argentina. Ameghiniana, vol.42, no.2, p. 501-504. ISSN 0002-7014.
- Shishkin, M.A. (1991). "A Late Jurassic labyrinthodont from Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 1991: 78–91.
- Warren, A. A.; Marsicano, C. (2000). "A phylogeny of Brachyopoidea (Temnospondyli, Stereospondyli)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20: 462–483. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0462:APOTBT]2.0.CO;2.
- Yates, A.M.; Warren, A.A. (2000). "The phylogeny of the 'higher' temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Sterospondyli". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 128: 77–121. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00650.x.