Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| Boma | |
|---|---|
|
View of Boma in c.1900 | |
  Boma Location in Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| Coordinates: 5°51′S 13°03′E / 5.850°S 13.050°E | |
| Country |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Province | Bas-Congo |
| Area | |
| • Total | 65 km2 (25 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 61 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2012)[1] | |
| • Total | 162,521 |
| • Density | 2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi) |
_pg749_Panorama_du_nord_de_Boma.jpg)
Boma is a port town on the Congo River, some 100 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Bas-Congo province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It had an estimated population of 527,725 in 2009.[2]
Boma was the capital city of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1 May 1886 to 1926, when the capital was moved to Léopoldville (since renamed Kinshasa). The port handles exports of tropical timber, bananas, cacao, and palm products.
History
Boma was founded as a slaving station and entrepôt by merchants of several European countries in the 16th century.[3] Trade was chiefly in the hands of Dutch merchants, but British, French and Portuguese firms also had factories there. No European power exercised sovereignty, though claims were from time to time put forward by Portugal.
Henry Morton Stanley arrived here on 9 Aug. 1877, after crossing Africa east to west.[4]:Vol.Two,359
In 1884 the people of Boma 'granted' a protectorate of their country to the International Association of the Congo.[5]
Transport
Boma lies on the north bank of the Congo River, some 100 km upstream from Muanda, where the river meets the Atlantic Ocean. The great width and depth of the river allow seagoing ships to reach Boma, which is the second-largest port of DR Congo, after Matadi. Between 1889 and 1984, the port was served by a 610 mm gauge railway line from Tshela.
People
- Antoine-Roger Bolamba, politician and poet, was born here in 1913.[6]
- Mpongo Lanu, popular Congolese singer, born in Boma 1956, d. 1990. (Aimee Fransoise Mpongo Lanu)[7]
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).
The highest record temperature was 41 °C (106 °F) on February 25, 1976, while the lowest record temperature was 10 °C (50 °F) on October 21, 1976.[8]
| Climate data for Boma | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34 (93) |
41 (106) |
39 (102) |
34 (93) |
39 (102) |
34 (93) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
36 (97) |
34 (93) |
34 (93) |
32 (90) |
41 (106) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.6 (90.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32 (90) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28 (82) |
29.4 (84.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.28 (88.29) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.9 (84) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.4 (83.1) |
26 (79) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.71 (81.88) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.21 (75.58) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
14 (57) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 83 (3.27) |
112 (4.41) |
126 (4.96) |
173 (6.81) |
69 (2.72) |
1 (0.04) |
1 (0.04) |
2 (0.08) |
8 (0.31) |
50 (1.97) |
149 (5.87) |
92 (3.62) |
866 (34.1) |
| Source #1: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 10m)[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Voodoo Skies for record temperatures[8] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
Boma pier, 1899
Authorities at the end of the pier, Boma, 1899
The nine old kings of Boma (phot. H. A. Shanu, 1898), Royal Museum for Central Africa
Fort de Shinkakasa – fortification on the Congo River near Boma
Old cathedral "Our Lady of the Assumption" of Boma, which still exists; oldest in the country
Residence of the Governor-General in Boma
Henry Morton Stanley's map of the area during his expedition down the Congo River
See also
References
- ↑ "World Gazetteer".
- ↑ "Congo (Dem. Rep.): largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ↑ This article incorporates text from The Modern World Encyclopædia: Illustrated (1935); out of UK copyright as of 2005.
- ↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685
- ↑
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Boma". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 181. This references H. M. Stanley, The Congo and the Founding of its Free State (London, 1885). - ↑ European-language writing in sub-Saharan Africa, Volume 1, Albert S. Gerard, accessed March 2010
- ↑ "Rumba on the River". Coldrun Books.
- 1 2 "Boma, Zaire". Voodoo Skies. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ↑ "Climate: Boma - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
External links
Media related to Boma, Congo-Kinshasa at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 05°51′00″S 13°03′00″E / 5.85000°S 13.05000°E
| Cities and communes |
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Districts and territories |
| ||||||||||