Bharbhunja

Bharbhunja Muslim

Regions with significant populations
India and Pakistan
Languages
• Urdu • Hindi • Gujarati •
Religion
• Islam 100% •
Related ethnic groups
• Bharbhunja Hindu • Shaikh • Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh • Shaikh of Gujarat

The Bharbhunja are a Muslim community found in the states of Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh in India. In Uttar Pradesh, the community are also known as Bharbhunja Shaikh.^[1][2]

Origin

The two Bharbhunja groupings are, in fact, distinct, each with its own origin myth and traditions, and speaking their own language. What unites the two communities is their traditional occupation, which was grain parching. They get their name from the Sanskrit word bhrij, which means to fry. The Bharbhunja is Muslim, while Hindu grain parchers are known as Kandu.

In Gujarat

The word Bharbhunja is derived from the Gujarati words bhad which means an earthen oven, and bhunja which means to parch. Historically the Bharbhunja made a living by selling parched grain. The community originates from the Udaipur and Jodhpur regions of Rajasthan. They speak Gujarati, but most understand Hindi. The Bharbhunja are found mainly in the cities of Ahmadabad and Surat.^[3]

The Bharbhunja consist of a number of clans, the main ones being the Behlim, Chauhan, Pawar, Bhati and Dhangar. All these clans are of equal status, and intermarry. They are a strictly endogamous community, and prefer marrying close kin.^[4]

The traditional occupation of the Bharbhunja is the selling of fried and parched grains. Like other artisan groups, they have seen a decline in their traditional occupation, with many petty businessmen or wage labourers. Like other Gujarati Muslims groups, they have a caste association, the Jamat Gilkhan Afroz, which deals with issues of community welfare. The Bharbhunjas are Sunni Muslims, and have customs similar to other Gujarati Muslims communities.

In Uttar Pradesh

The Bharbhunja in Uttar Pradesh are traditionally grain parchers. They have a mixed origin, with some claiming to of Shaikh origin, while other claiming Rajput origin. In fact, the community consists of forty clans, each of whom has its own origin myth. Often the divisions is merely territorial, such as the Hamirpuriya, originally from Hamirpur, the Jaunpuriya, originally those from Jaunpur. Each subdivision in referred to as a biradari. They are found mainly in the districts of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Aligarh, Ghaziabad, Bijnor, Moradabad and Badaun. The Bharbhunja speak both Urdu and Khari boli. A second cluster of Bharbhunjas are found in the districts of Barabanki and Bahraich, who speak the Awadhi dialect.^[5]

The Bharbhunja are still involved with grain parching, although many are now petty businessmen. They are strictly endogamous, and marriages tend to occur within the biradari. They live in multi caste and multi religious settlements, but occupy their own distinct quarters. Each settlement has a caste council, known as a panchayat, which acts as an instrument of social control. It deals with intra community disputes, as well as punishing those who breach communal norms. Although they live in close proximity to other Muslim groups, such as the Shaikh, Kabaria, Ansari, Muslim Dhobi and Qassab in Awadh, and the Muslim Teli, Muslim Banjara, Baghban and Rohilla in Rohilkhand, there is very little interaction, and virtually no intermarriage. The community are Sunni Muslims, and have customs similar to other Uttar Pradesh Muslims.^[6]

See also

• Bharbhunja Hindu

References