Beatrice Wood

Untitled (Two Women) earthenware with glazes by Beatrice Wood, 1990

Beatrice Wood (March 3, 1893 – March 12, 1998) was an American artist and studio potter involved in the Avant Garde movement in the United States; she founded The Blind Man magazine in New York City with French artist Marcel Duchamp and writer Henri-Pierre Roché in 1916.[1] She had earlier studied art and theater in Paris, and was working in New York as an actress. She later worked at sculpture and pottery. Wood was characterized as the "Mama of Dada."

She partially inspired the character of Rose DeWitt Bukater in James Cameron's 1997 film, Titanic after the director read Wood's autobiography while developing the film. Beatrice Wood died nine days after her 105th birthday in Ojai, California.

Childhood

Beatrice Wood was born in San Francisco, California, the daughter of wealthy socialites. Despite her parents' strong opposition, Wood insisted on pursuing a career in the arts. Eventually her parents agreed to let her study painting. Because she was fluent in French, they sent her to Paris, where she studied acting at the Comédie-Française and art at the prestigious Académie Julian.[2]

Beatrice Wood, 1908

The onset of World War I forced Wood to return to the United States. She continued acting with a French Repertory Company in New York City, performing over sixty roles in two years. She worked for several years performing on the stage.[3]

Dada and the Avant-garde

Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia and Beatrice Wood, 1917

Woods involvement in the Avant Garde began with her introduction to[4] Marcel Duchamp. He and his friend Henri-Pierre Roché, a man fourteen years her senior, visited her in New York in 1916. The three worked together to create The Blind Man, a magazine that was one of the earliest manifestations of the Dada art movement in the United States.

Roché, Duchamp, and Jules et Jim

Though she was most involved with Roché, the two often spent time with Duchamp, creating a kind of love triangle. Since the late 20th century, biographies of Wood have associated Roché's 1956 novel Jules et Jim (and the 1962 film adaptation), with the relationship among Duchamp, Wood, and Roché.[1][5] Other sources link their triangle to Roché's unfinished novel, Victor.

Beatrice Wood commented on this topic in her 1985 autobiography, I Shock Myself:

Roché lived in Paris with his wife Denise, and had by now written Jules et Jim ... Because the story concerns two young men who are close friends and a woman who loves them both, people have wondered how much was based on Roché, Marcel, and me. I cannot say what memories or episodes inspired Roché, but the characters bear only passing resemblance to those of us in real life!

Jules et Jim is properly associated with the triangle among Roché, German writer Franz Hessel, and Helen Grund, who married Hessel.[6]

Arensbergs and their circle

Wood met the art patrons, Walter and Louise Arensberg (who would become her lifelong friends). They held regular gatherings in which artists, writers, and poets were invited for intellectual discussion. Besides Duchamp, Roché, and her, the group included Man Ray and Francis Picabia. Wood's relationship with these artists and others associated with the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century, earned her the designation as "Mama of Dada."

Drawings

Her drawing was featured on the cover of the first Dadaist exhibition in Paris, via her friend Marcel Duchamp. She later illustrated her autobiography, "I Shock Myself". Her signature on her artwork is simply "Beato," her nickname. In 2014, a series of her drawings were exhibited as part of the permanent collection of the Santa Barbara Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, California

Sculpture

Figures were an important part of the artist's work during the 1930s and 40s. She explored both vessel forms and sculpture throughout her career. As her skills increased, Wood consciously retained a naive, illustrative style to communicate her commentaries on life and love. This approach makes clear her love of all types of non-Western folk and primitive art.[7]

Ceramics career

Luster Chalice by Beatrice Wood, Permanent Collection, Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts & Happy Valley Foundation

While on a trip to hear J. Krishnamurti speak in the Netherlands, Wood bought a pair of baroque plates with a luster glaze. She wanted to find a matching teapot to go along with it, but was unsuccessful. Deciding to make the teapot herself, she enrolled in a ceramic class at Hollywood High School. Throughout her long career in ceramics, she never did make the matching teapot. This hobby turned into a passion that would last over the next sixty years, and she studied with a number of leading ceramists including Gertrude and Otto Natzler. Ultimately, Wood developed a signature style of glazing, an all-over, in-glaze luster that draws the metallic salts to the surface of the glaze by starving the kiln of oxygen.[8]

Ojai and longevity

In 1947, Beatrice Wood felt that her career was established enough for her to build a home. She settled in Ojai, California in 1948 to be near the Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti. She became a lifelong member of the Theosophical Society – Adyar. These associations greatly influenced her artistic philosophies. She also taught and lived on the same land as the Happy Valley School, now known as Besant Hill School.[9]

At the age of 90, Wood became a writer, having been encouraged to write by her friend, Anais Nin, a French writer. Her best-known book is her autobiography, I Shock Myself (1985). When asked the secret to her longevity, she would respond, "I owe it all to chocolate and young men."

Legacy and honors

Sources

Films inspired by Wood

"the first chapter describes almost literally the character I was already writing for 'Old Rose'...When I met her [Beatrice Wood] she was charming, creative and devastatingly funny...Of course, the film's Rose is only a refraction of Beatrice, combined with many fictional elements."[10]

According to her obituary in the Ojai Valley News, six days before her death, Wood awarded the Fifth Annual Beatrice Wood Film Award to Cameron.[11]

Diaries

Beatrice Wood kept daily journals for 85 years. As of March 2010 Francis Naumann, a leading Dada historian and close friend of the artist, was working on an annotated edition of the journals.[12]

References

  1. 1 2 Smith, Roberta (March 14, 1998). "Beatrice Wood, 105, Potter and Mama of Dada is dead". New York Times.
  2. ↑ Karlstrom, Paul. "Oral history interview with Beatrice Wood, 1976 August 26". Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  3. ↑ Internet Broadway Database: Beatrice Wood Credits on Broadway
  4. ↑ Bobbye, Tigerman (2013). Handbook of California Design. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The Los Angeles Country Museum of Art and The MIT Press. pp. 302–303. ISBN 0262518384.
  5. ↑ Spencer Jon Helfen Fine Arts
  6. ↑ Bright Lights Film Journal | Jules and Jim
  7. ↑ Garth Clark, Gilded Vessel: The Lustrous Art and Life of Beatrice Wood,Guild Publishing, 2001
  8. ↑ Gilded Vessel: The Lustrous Art and Life of Beatrice Wood, Garth Clark, Guild Publishing, 2001
  9. ↑ cite book|author=Wood, Beatrice|title=I Shock Myself: The Autobiography of Beatrice Wood|year=1985|publisher=San Francisco: Chronicle Books
  10. ↑ Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay, overleaf for page 7, Harper, 1998
  11. ↑ , LA Weekly
  12. ↑ “Unearthing Lost Treasures in California”, New York Times, 13 March 2010

Other

External links

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