Battle of Honey Hill

Battle of Honey Hill
Part of the American Civil War
Date November 30, 1864 (1864-11-30) Location Jasper County, South Carolina Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
John P. Hatch	G. W. Smith Charles J. Colcock[1]
Units involved
Coastal Division, Department of the South South Atlantic Blockading Squadron	Georgia Militia Department of Georgia [2]
Strength
5,000	1,400
Casualties and losses
746 total 89 killed, 629 wounded 28 captured	47 total 8 killed 39 wounded

The Battle of Honey Hill was the third battle of Sherman's March to the Sea, fought November 30, 1864, during the American Civil War. It did not involve Major General William T. Sherman's main force, marching from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, but was a failed Union Army expedition under Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch that attempted to cut off the Charleston and Savannah Railroad in support of Sherman's projected arrival in Savannah.

Engagement

Map of Honey Hill and Grahamsville, Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, Plate XCI, Nr.4

Map of Honey Hill Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program.

Hatch's expeditionary force left Hilton Head, South Carolina, for Boyd’s Neck (above Beaufort) on November 28. It consisted of 5,000 men—two brigades of the Coast Division of the Department of the South, one naval brigade, and portions of three batteries of light artillery. They steamed up the Broad River in transports to cut the Charleston and Savannah Railroad near Pocotaligo. Due to a heavy fog the troops were not disembarked from the transports until late the following afternoon, and Hatch immediately started forward to cut the railroad near Grahamville.^[3]

However, the expedition maps and guides proved worthless and Hatch was unable to proceed on the right road until the morning of November 30. At Honey Hill, a few miles from Grahamville, he encountered a Confederate force of regulars and militia, under Col. Charles J. Colcock, with a battery of seven guns across the road. Determined attacks were launched by U.S. Colored Troops including a brigade led by Alfred S. Hartwell that included the 54th Massachusetts and 55th Massachusetts.^[4] The position of the Federal force was such that only one section of artillery could be used at a time, and the Confederates were too well entrenched to be dislodged. Fighting kept up until dark when Hatch, realizing the impossibility of successfully attacking or turning the flank of the enemy, withdrew to his transports at Boyd’s Neck, having lost 89 men killed, 629 wounded, and 28 missing. The Confederate casualties amounted to eight killed and 39 wounded.^[5]

Captains George E. Gouraud^[6] and Thomas F. Ellsworth^[7] as well as First Lt. Orson W. Bennett^[8] were awarded the Medal of Honor. In 2001 another medal was awarded posthumously to then Corporal Andrew J. Smith.^[9]

Union order of battle

BG John P. Hatch

Confederate order of battle

MG Gustavus W. Smith^[11]
Col Charles J. Colcock^[12]

Chief of Artillery: Col Ambrosio José Gonzales

Casualties

In a report of Hatch December 1864 summarized the Union losses:^[14]

• 1st Brigade: casualties of 2 officers and 54 men killed;28 officers and 409 men wounded; 1 officer and 14 men missing.
• 2nd Brigade: casualties of 3 officers and 28 men killed;10 officers and 160 men wounded; 1 officer and 8 men missing.
• Naval Brigade: casualties of 1 man killed; 7 men wounded; 4 men missing
• Artillery Brigade: casualties of 1 officer killed; 2 officers and 12 men wounded
• Cavalry: casualties of 1 man wounded

The Confederate losses were reported by Lt Col C.C. Jones in his Siege of Savannah as 4 killed and 40 wounded. The Savannah Republican newspaper on Dec 1, 1864 reported "between eighty and one hundred killed and wounded"^[11]

See also

• Honey Hill-Boyd's Neck Battlefield

Notes

References

• Emilio, Luis F (1894). History of the Fifty-Fourth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 1863–65. Boston,MA: Boston Book Co. 
• Roster of the Twenty Fifth Ohio Infantry Regiment
• Stone, David H; Stone, David H Jr (2008). Vital Rails: The Charleston & Savannah Railroad and the Civil War in Coastal South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-716-7. 
• National Park Service battle description
• Eicher, David J., The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War, Simon & Schuster, 2001, ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
• The Union Army; A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65—Records of the Regiments in the Union Army—Cyclopedia of Battles—Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers, Federal Publishing Company (Madison, Wisconsin), 1908 (reprinted by Broadfoot Publishing, 1997).
• CWSAC Report Update

External links

• Official records of Civil War search engine
• Eye witness accounts by Captain Luther Mesnard of Company B of OH 25th

Coordinates: 32°29′10″N 80°56′03″W / 32.4860°N 80.9343°W / 32.4860; -80.9343

South Carolina in the American Civil War
Pre-War	Secession Star of the West Montgomery Convention
1861	Battle of Fort Sumter Battle of Port Royal
1862	First Battle of Pocotaligo Battle of Secessionville Battle of Simmon's Bluff Second Battle of Pocotaligo
1863	First Battle of Charleston Harbor First Battle of Fort Wagner Battle of Grimball's Landing Second Battle of Fort Wagner Second Battle of Charleston Harbor Second Battle of Fort Sumter Atttack on USS New Ironsides
1864	Sinking of USS Housatonic by Hunley Battle of Honey Hill Battle of Tulifinny Capture of Columbia
1865	Battle of Rivers' Bridge Grimball's Causeway/Surrender of Charleston
Units	Confederate organizations from the State of South Carolina Federal organizations from the State of South Carolina
Reconstruction	Reconstruction