Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal

For other people with the same name, see Ali ibn Isa.

ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kahhal (fl. 1010 AD), surnamed "the oculist" (al-kahhal) was one of Islam's most famous ophthalmologists. He was known in medieval Europe as Jesu Occulist.

He was the author of the influential Memorandum of the Oculists, where for the first time in the literature a surgical aesthetic is prescribed.^[1]

He wrote the landmark textbook on ophthalmology in medieval Islam, Notebook of the Oculists, for which he was known in medieval Europe as Jesu Occulist, with "Jesu" being a Latin translation of "Isa", the Arabic name for Jesus.

Ibn 'Isa is considered one of the most famous physicians of the tenth century. His famous Notebook of the Oculists combined information obtained from both Greco-Roman and Arab sources. The book encompassed information on treatment and classification of over one hundred different eye diseases. In the book, eye diseases were sorted by their anatomical location. The Notebook of the Oculists was widely used by European physicians for hundreds of years. Ibn Isa’s book was one of the first, along with Hunayn ibn Ishaq’s Ten Treatises on the Eye, to illustrate anatomy of the eye. Specifically, Ibn Isa illustrated the optic chiasm and brain.^[2] Ibn Isa was the first to describe and suggest treatment for an array of diseases. For example, he was the first to discover the symptoms of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) - ocular inflammation associated with a distinct whitening of the hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes.^[3] Ibn Isa was also the first to classify epiphora as being a result of overzealous cautery of pterygium. In addition to this pioneering description, Ibn Isa also suggested treatments for epiphora based on the stage of the disease – namely treatment in the early stages with astringent materials, for example ammonia salt, burned copper, or lid past and a hook dissection with a feathered quill for chronic stages of epiphora.^[4] Ibn Isa is also thought to be the first to describe temporal arteritis, although Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (1828–1913) is erroneously credited with this.^[5]

References

↑ Peters, F. (1973). Allah's Commonwealth: a history of Islam in the Near East, 600-1100 A.D. Simon and Schuster. p. 391.
↑ Lin, Daren (2008). "A Foundation of Western Ophthalmology in Medieval Islamic Medicine" (PDF). UWOMJ. 78 (1): 41–45.
↑ Paredes, I; Ahmed, M; Foster, C S. "Immunomodulatory therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients as first line therapy". Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2006 (14): 87–90. doi:10.1080/09273940500536766.
↑ Hirst Lawrence, W (2003). "The treatment of pterygium". Surv Ophthalmol. 48: 145–80. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(02)00463-0.
↑ Baum, E; Sams, WM; Payne, R. "Giant cell arteritis: a systemic disease with rare cutaneous manifestations" (PDF). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982 (6): 1081–1088.

Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

Physicians

7th century	Al-Harith ibn Kalada and his son Abu Hafsa Yazid Bukhtishu Masarjawaih Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi Rufaida Al-Aslamia Ibn Uthal

8th century	Bukhtishu family Ja'far al-Sadiq

9th century	Ali al-Ridha Albubather Bukhtishu family Jabril ibn Bukhtishu Jābir ibn Hayyān Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his son Yahya ibn Sarafyun Al-Kindi Masawaiyh Shapur ibn Sahl Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari Al-Ruhawi Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu Salmawaih ibn Bunan

10th century	Qusta ibn Luqa Abu ul-Ala Shirazi Abul Hasan al-Tabari Al-Natili Qumri Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Isaac Israeli ben Solomon 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi Muvaffak Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi Ibn Juljul Al-Tamimi, the physician Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi Ibn al-Jazzar Al-Kaŝkarī Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath Ibn al-Batriq Ibrahim ibn Baks

11th century	Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani Ibn al-Haytham Al-Biruni Ali ibn Ridwan Avicenna Ephraim ibn al-Za'faran Ibn al-Wafid Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu Ibn Butlan Ibn al-Kattani Ibn Jazla Masawaih al-Mardini Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi Ibn Al-Thahabi Ibn Abi Sadiq Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal

12th century	Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar Ahmad ibn Farrokh Ibn Hubal Zayn al-Din Gorgani Maimonides Serapion the Younger Ibn Zuhr Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali Averroes Ibn Tufail Al-Ghafiqi Ibn Abi al-Hakam Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī Al-Samawal al-Maghribi Ibn al-Tilmīdh Ibn Jumay‘

13th century	Sa'ad al-Dawla Al-Shahrazuri Rashidun al-Suri Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon Da'ud Abu al-Fadl Al-Dakhwar Ibn Abi Usaibia Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer) Ibn al-Nafis Zakariya al-Qazwini Najib ad-Din-e-Samarqandi Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi Ibn al-Quff

14th century	Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli Al-Nagawri Aqsara'i Zayn-e-Attar Mansur ibn Ilyas Jaghmini Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi Nakhshabi Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi Ibn al-Khatib Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

15th century	Abu Sa'id al-Afif Muhammad Ali Astarabadi Husayni Isfahani Burhan-ud-din Kermani Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi Nurbakhshi Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb

16th century	Hakim-e-Gilani Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf Dawud al-Antaki

Concepts

Works

Centers

Influences

Ancient Greek medicine

Influenced

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