Agriculture in the Philippines

Rice paddies in Balagtas, Bulacan.
Rice paddies in Balagtas, Bulacan.

Agriculture in the Philippines employs 30% of the Filipino workforce as of 2013, according to World Bank statistics.[1] Agriculture accounts for 12% of Filipino GDP as of 2013, according to the World Bank.[2]

Agricultural products

Rice

The Philippines is the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production.[3] The Philippines was also the world's largest rice importer in 2010.[4] In 2010, nearly 15.7 million metric tons of palay (pre-husked rice) were produced.[5] In 2010, palay accounted for 21.86% percent of gross value added in agriculture and 2.37% of GNP.[6] Self-sufficiency in rice reached 88.93% in 2015.[7]

Rice production in the Philippines has grown significantly since the 1950s. Improved varieties of rice developed during the Green Revolution, including at the International Rice Research Institute based in the Philippines have improved crop yields. Crop yields have also improved due to increased use of fertilisers. Average productivity increased from 1.23 metric tons per hectare in 1961 to 3.59 metric tons per hectare in 2009.[3]

Harvest Yields have increased significantly by using foliar fertilizer (Rc 62 -> 27% increase, Rc 80 -> 40% increase, Rc 64 -> 86% increase) based on PhilRice National Averages.

The table below shows some of the agricultural products of the country per region.[8]

Region Rice Corn Coconut Sugarcane Pineapple Watermelon Banana
Ilocos Region 1,777,121 490,943 39,463 19,512 197 26,936 43,164
Cordillera (CAR) 400,911 237,823 1,165 51,787 814 141 26,576
Cagayan Valley 2,489,647 1,801,194 77,118 583,808 35,129 7,416 384,134
Central Luzon 3,304,310 271,319 167,737 678,439 1,657 7,103 58,439
NCR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CALABARZON 392,907 64,823 1,379,297 1,741,706 88,660 2,950 96,306
MIMAROPA 1,081,833 125,492 818,146 0 448 3,192 168,299
Bicol Region 1,264,448 243,908 1,105,743 239,010 130,595 5,598 76,452
Western Visayas 1,565,585 213,362 294,547 1,682,940 12,687 83,336 200,222
Negros Island Region 557,632 185,747 274,315 13,440,259 9,468 546 157,974
Central Visayas 269,801 101,333 274,069 241,573 998 1,161 126,220
Eastern Visayas 955,709 91,145 1,165,867 179,363 7,186 670 227,223
Zamboanga Peninsula 661,775 220,180 1,682,121 107 1,657 638 281,856
Northern Mindanao 725,120 1,216,301 1,851,702 3,065,463 1,468,386 2,024 1,832,173
Davao Region 441,868 224,100 2,246,188 208,743 26,880 1,070 3,455,014
SOCCSKSARGEN 1,291,644 1,239,275 1,159,818 680,383 794,334 2,132 1,159,091
CARAGA Region 481,311 118,774 804,722 0 2,682 3,010 259,738
ARMM 488,215 673,036 1,393,168 113,343 921 80 531,048
2015 Annual Rice Production of Philippine provinces.
2015 Annual Corn Production of Philippine provinces.

Sugar

Raw Sugar produced in a mill in the country.

There are at least 19 provinces and 11 regions that produce sugarcane in the Philippines. A range from 360,000 to 390,000 hectares are devoted to sugarcane production. The largest sugarcane areas are found in Negros which accounts for 51% of sugarcane areas planted. This is followed by Mindanao which accounts for 20%; Luzon, 17%; Panay islands, 7% and Eastern Visayas, 4%.[9] It is estimated that as of 2012, the industry provides direct employment to 700,000 sugarcane workers spread across 19 sugar producing provinces.[10]

Sugar growing in the Philippines pre-dates Spanish contact.[11] Sugar became the most important agricultural export of the Philippines between the late eighteenth century and the mid-1970s.[11] During the 1950s and 60s, more than 20 percent income of Philippine exports came from the sugar industry.[11] Between 1913 and 1974, the Philippines sugar industry enjoyed favoured terms of trade with the US, with special access to the protected and subsidized U.S. sugar market.[11]

Coconuts

Coconuts plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. According to figures published in December 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it is the world's largest producer of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009.[12] Production in the Philippines is generally concentrated in medium-sized farms.[13] There are 3.5 million hectares dedicated to coconut production in the Philippines, which accounts for 25 per cent of total agricultural land in the country.[14] In 1989, it was estimated that between 25 percent and 33 percent of the population was at least partly dependent on coconuts for their livelihood. Historically, the Southern Tagalog and Bicol regions of Luzon and the Eastern Visayas were the centers of coconut production.[15] In the 1980s, Western Mindanao and Southern Mindanao also became important coconut-growing regions.[15]

Abaca

According to the Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority, the Philippines provided 87.4% of the world's abaca in 2014, earning the Philippines US$111.33 million.[16] The demand is still greater than the supply.[16] The remainder came from Ecuador (12.5%) and Costa Rica (0.1%).[16] The Bicol region in the Philippines produced 27,885 metric tons of abaca in 2014, the largest of any Philippine region.[16] The Philippine Rural Development Program (PRDP) and the Department of Agriculture reported that in 2009-2013, Bicol Region had 39% share of Philippine abaca producution while overwhelming 92% comes from Catanduanes Island. Eastern Visayas, the second largest producer had 24% and the Davao Region, the third largest producer had 11% of the total production. Around 42 percent of the total abaca fiber shipments from the Philippines went to the United Kingdom in 2014, making it the top importer.[16] Germany imported 37.1 percent abaca pulp from the Philippines, importing around 7,755 metric tons (MT).[16] Sales of abaca cordage surged 20 percent in 2014 to a total of 5,093 MT from 4,240 MT, with the United States holding around 68 percent of the market.[16]

Fruit

Strawberries grown in the Philippines.

The Philippines is the world's third largest producer of pineapples, producing more than 2.4 million of tonnes in 2013.[17] The Philippines was in the top three banana producing countries in 2010, including India and China.[18] Davao and Mindanao contribute heavily to the total national banana crop.[18] Mangoes are the third most important fruit crop of the country based on export volume and value next to bananas and pineapples.[19]

Corn

Corn is the second most important crop in the Philippines. 600,000 farm households are employed in different businesses in the corn value chain. As of 2012, around 2.594 Million ha of land is under corn cultivation and the total production is 7.408 million metric ton(MMT).[20]

Rubber

There are an estimated 38,000 families dependent upon the cultivation of rubber trees. Rubber is mainly planted in Mindanao, with some plantings in Luzon and the Visayas.[21] As of 2013, the total rubber production is 111,204 tons.[22]

See also

Government:

Land reform:

General:

References

  1. ↑ "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  2. ↑ "Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  3. 1 2 "2009 Crop Production Statistics". FAO Stat. FAO Statistics. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  4. ↑ "Factbox - Top 10 rice exporting, importing countries". Reuters. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  5. ↑ "Palay: Volume of Production by Cereal Type, Geolocation, Period and Year". CountrySTAT Database. Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  6. ↑ "Philippine economy posts 7.1 percent GDP growth". National Accounts of the Philippines. National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  7. ↑ Philippine Statistics Authority, Self-Sufficiency Ratio of Selected Agricultural Commodities: Rice
  8. ↑ "Philippine Statistics Authority: CountrySTAT Philippines".
  9. ↑ Master Plan For the Philippine Sugar Industry. Sugar Master Plan Foundation, Inc. 2010. p. 7.
  10. ↑ Master Plan For the Philippine Sugar Industry. Sugar Master Plan Foundation, Inc. 2010. pp. 4–6.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "History". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  12. ↑ Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:
    Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division
  13. ↑ Hayami, Yūjirō; Quisumbing, Maria Agnes R.; Adriano, Lourdes S. (1990). Toward an alternative land reform paradigm: a Philippine perspective. Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-971-11-3096-1. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  14. ↑ "Philippines to launch coconut cluster". Investvine.com. 2013-02-16. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  15. 1 2 Ronald E. Dolan, ed. Philippines: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "PH biggest abaca exporter | Malaya Business Insight". Malaya Business Insight. June 15, 2015.
  17. ↑ fao.org. "Food and Agricultural commodities production > Countries by commodity > Pineapples (2013)". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  18. 1 2 "banana". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  19. ↑ "mango". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  20. ↑ "Agri-Pinoy Corn Program", Republic of Philippines Department of Agriculture.
  21. ↑ "rubber". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  22. ↑ "Food and Agricultural commodities production / Countries by commodity". Retrieved May 27, 2016.

Further reading

External links

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