Aelius Donatus
Aelius Donatus (English pronunciation: /doʊˈneɪtəs/; fl. mid-4th century AD) was a Roman grammarian and teacher of rhetoric. St. Jerome tells us in Contra Rufinum 1.16 that Donatus was his tutor.
He was the author of a number of professional works, of which several are extant:
- A partly incomplete commentary on the playwright Terence compiled from other commentaries, but probably not in its original form;
- His Life of Virgil is thought to be based on a lost Vita by Suetonius, together with the preface and introduction of his commentary on Virgil's works. A greatly expanded version of Servius' commentary exists, however, which is supplemented with frequent and extensive extracts from what is thought to be Donatus' commentary on Virgil.
- His Ars grammatica, especially the section on the eight parts of speech, though possessing little claim to originality, and evidently based on the same authorities which were used by the grammarians Charisius and Diomedes, attained such popularity as a schoolbook that, in the Middle Ages, he became the eponym for a rudimentary treatise of any sort, called a donet. When books came to be printed in the 15th century, editions of the little book were multiplied to an enormous extent. It is also the only purely textual work to be printed in blockbook form (cut like a woodcut, not using movable type). It is in the form of an Ars Minor, which only treats of the parts of speech, and an Ars Major, which deals with grammar in general at greater length.[1]
Donatus was a proponent of an early system of punctuation, consisting of dots placed in three successively higher positions to indicate successively longer pauses, roughly equivalent to the modern comma, colon, and full stop. This system remained current through the 7th century, when a more refined system due to Isidore of Seville gained prominence.[2]
Donatus invented the system whereby a play is made up of three separate parts: protasis, epitasis, and catastasis.
Aelius Donatus should not be confused with Tiberius Claudius Donatus, also the author of a commentary (Interpretationes) on the Aeneid, who lived about fifty years later.[1]
References
- 1 2
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Donatus, Aelius". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 411. - ↑ M. B. Parkes, Pause and effect: punctuation in the west, 1993, ISBN 0-520-07941-8.
Further reading
- A. Schönberger: Die Ars minor des Aelius Donatus: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung einer antiken Elementargrammatik aus dem 4. Jahrhundert nach Christus. Valentia, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-936132-31-1.
- A. Schönberger: Die Ars maior des Aelius Donatus: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung einer antiken Lateingrammatik des 4. Jahrhunderts für den fortgeschrittenen Anfängeruntericht, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia, 2009, ISBN 978-3-936132-32-8.
External links
- Vita Vergiliana, Aelius Donatus' Life of Virgil in the original Latin.
- Suetonius: The Life of Virgil, the Loeb English translation (which presumes that Donatus' Life "is almost wholly Suetonius’.")
- Virgil.org: Aelius Donatus' Life of Virgil translated into English by David Wilson-Okamura includes interpolated text not included in the Loeb translation
- Latin texts of some of Aelius Donatus, including the Ars Minor and all the parts of the Ars Major
- The commentary on Terence online
- Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum: complete texts and full bibliography
- Commentum in Terentii Comoedias From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress