Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

Admiral of the Fleet

Insignia shoulder board for Admiral of the Fleet

The flag of an admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag, and is in 1:2 rather than the 2:3 of other admirals' flags.[1]
Country  United Kingdom
Service branch  Royal Navy
Rank Five-star
NATO rank OF-10
Non-NATO rank O-11
Formation 1690
Next lower rank Admiral
Equivalent ranks
This article is about a Royal Navy rank. For other countries that use an Admiral of the Fleet rank, see Admiral of the Fleet.
NaviesArmiesAir forces
Commissioned and Non-commissioned officers
Admiral of
the fleet		Marshal or
Field marshal 		Marshal of
the air force
AdmiralGeneralAir chief marshal
Vice admiralLieutenant generalAir marshal
Rear admiralMajor generalAir vice-marshal
CommodoreBrigadier or
Brigadier general		Air commodore
CaptainColonelGroup captain
CommanderLieutenant colonelWing commander
Lieutenant
commander		Major or
Commandant		Squadron leader
LieutenantCaptainFlight lieutenant
Sub-lieutenantLieutenant or
First lieutenant		Flying officer
EnsignSecond lieutenantPilot officer
MidshipmanOfficer cadetFlight cadet
Enlisted grades
Warrant officer or
Chief petty officer		Warrant officer or
Sergeant major		Warrant officer
Petty officerSergeantSergeant
Leading seamanCorporalCorporal
SeamanPrivateAircraftman
Sleeve lace

Admiral of the Fleet is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the British Royal Navy. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, although routine appointments ceased in 1995. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet is equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.

History in Royal Navy

The rank evolved from sailing days and the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy when the fleet was divided into three divisions – red, white, or blue. Each division was assigned an admiral, who in turn commanded a vice-admiral and a rear admiral. In the 18th century, the original nine ranks began to be filled by more than one person at any one time. The admiral of the red was pre-eminent and became known as the admiral of the fleet.[2]

The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864, although the Royal Navy kept the White Ensign. When the professional head of the Royal Navy was given the title of First Naval Lord in 1828 (renamed First Sea Lord in 1904), the rank of admiral of the fleet became an honorary promotion for retiring First Naval Lords allowing more than one admiral of the fleet to exist at one time.

Since 1811 five members of the British Royal family, other than the monarch, and four members of foreign royal families have been appointed admirals of the fleet. Of the British royalty granted the rank, only one, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) had not seen service in the Royal Navy.

During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, as well as the First Naval Lord. Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959, the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet. Recognizing the reduced post–Cold War size of the British Armed Forces, no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord. However, the rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales became an honorary admiral of the fleet (as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force), in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. In 2014, Lord Boyce, a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet.[3]

Admirals of the Fleet

Appointed
 Image
 Name
 Born
 Died
 Notes
Reference
1690 Russell, EdwardEdward Russell
(later Earl of Orford) 		1652 1727 [4]
1696 Rooke, Sir GeorgeSir George Rooke 1650 1709 circa[5]
13 January 1705 Shovell, Sir CloudesleySir Cloudesley Shovell 1650 1707 [6]
8 January 1708 Sir John Leake 1656 1720 [7]
21 December 1708 Sir Stafford Fairborne 1666 1742 circa [8]
12 November 1709 Sir Matthew Aylmer 1650 1720 [9]
14 March 1718 Sir George Byng
(later Viscount Torrington)		16631733 [10]
20 February 1734 Sir John Norris 1670 1749 [11]
1 July 1749 Sir Chaloner Ogle 1681 1750 [12]
22 November 1751 James Steuart 1690 1757 [13]
March 1757 The Hon. George Clinton 1686 1761 [14]
30 July 1761 The Lord Anson 1697 1762 [15]
17 December 1762 Sir William Rowley 1690 1768 circa [16]
15 January 1768 Sir Edward Hawke
(later Lord Hawke) 		1705 1781 [17]
24 October 1781 The Hon. John Forbes 1714 1796 [18]
12 March 1796 The Earl Howe 1726 1799 [19]
16 September 1799 Sir Peter Parker 1721 1811 [20]
24 December 1811 The Duke of Clarence and St Andrews
(later King William IV) 		1765 1837 [21]
19 July 1821 The Earl of St Vincent 1735 1823 acting from May 1814 [22]
28 June 1830 William Williams-Freeman 1742 1832 [23]
22 July 1830 The Lord Gambier 1756 1833 [24]
22 July 1830 Sir Charles Pole 1757 1830 [25]
24 April 1833 Sir Charles Nugent 1759 1844 [26]
8 January 1844 Sir James Hawkins-Whitshed 1762 1849 [27]
9 November 1846 Sir George Martin 1764 1847 [28]
13 October 1849 Sir Thomas Byam Martin 1773 1854 [29]
1 July 1851 Sir George Cockburn 1772 1853 [30]
8 December 1857 Sir Charles Ogle 1775 1858 [31]
25 June 1858 Sir John West 1774 1862 [32]
20 May 1862 Sir William Gage 1777 1864 [33]
10 November 1862 Sir Graham Hamond 1779 1862 [34]
27 April 1863 Sir Francis Austen 1774 1865 [35]
27 April 1863 Sir William Parker 1781 1866 [36]
11 January 1864 Sir Lucius Curtis 1786 1869 [37]
12 September 1865 Sir Thomas Cochrane 1789 1872 [38]
30 November 1866 Sir George Seymour 1787 1870 [39]
30 January 1868 Sir James Gordon 1782 1869 on the Retired List [40]
15 January 1869 Sir William Bowles 1780 1869 [41]
2 July 1869 Sir George Sartorius 1790 1885 [42]
21 January 1870 Sir Fairfax Moresby 1786 1877 [43]
20 October 1872 Sir Houston Stewart 1791 1875 [44]
11 December 1875 Sir Provo Wallis 1791 1892 [45]
22 January 1877 Sir Henry Codrington 1808 1877 [46]
5 August 1877 Sir Henry Keppel 1809 1904 [47]
27 December 1877 The Earl of Lauderdale 1803 1878 [48]
27 December 1877 Sir Rodney Mundy 1805 1884 [49]
15 June 1879 Sir James Hope 1808 1881 [50]
15 June 1879 Sir Thomas Symonds 1813 1894 [50]
10 June 1881 Sir Alexander Milne, Bt. 1806 1896 on the Retired List [51]
1 December 1881 Sir Charles Elliot 1818 1895 [52]
29 April 1885 Sir Alfred Ryder 1820 1888 [53]
18 July 1887 The Prince of Wales
(later King Edward VII) 		1841 1910 honorary to non-Navy royalty [54]
1 May 1888 Sir Geoffrey Hornby 1825 1895 [55]
8 December 1888 Lord John Hay 1827 1916 [56]
2 August 1889 HIM German Emperor William II 1859 1941 honorary, to foreign royalty [57]
13 February 1892 Sir John Commerell 1829 1901 [58]
3 June 1893 The Duke of Edinburgh
(later Duke Alfred of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) 		1844 1900 [59]
20 February 1895 The Earl of Clanwilliam 1832 1907 [60]
23 August 1897 Sir Algernon Lyons 1833 1908 [61]
29 November 1898 Sir Frederick Richards 1833 1912 [62]
13 January 1899 Sir Nowell Salmon 1835 1912 [63]
3 October 1902 Sir James Erskine 1838 1911 [64]
30 August 1903 Sir Charles Hotham 1843 1925 [65]
16 June 1904 Lord Walter Kerr 1839 1927 [66]
20 February 1905 Sir Edward Seymour 1840 1929 [67]
5 December 1905 Sir John Fisher
(later Lord Fisher) 		1841 1920 [68]
1 March 1907 Sir Arthur Wilson 1842 1921 [69]
11 June 1908 HIM Tsar Nicholas II of Russia 1868 1918 honorary, to foreign royalty [70]
2 December 1908 Sir Gerard Noel 1845 1918 [71]
27 January 1910 Prince Heinrich of Prussia 1862 1929 honorary, to foreign royalty[72]
30 April 1910 Sir Arthur Fanshawe 1847 1936 [73]
6 May 1910 King George V 1865 1936 [74]
20 March 1913 Sir William May 1849 1930 [75]
5 March 1915 The Honourable Sir Hedworth Meux 1856 1929 [76]
2 April 1917 Sir George Callaghan 1852 1920 [77]
3 April 1919 The Viscount Jellicoe
(later Earl Jellicoe) 		1859 1935 [78]
3 April 1919 Sir David Beatty
(later Earl Beatty) 		1871 1936 [79]
31 July 1919 Sir Henry Jackson 1855 1929 [80]
1 November 1919 Sir Rosslyn Wemyss
(later Lord Wester Wemyss) 		1864 1933 [81]
24 November 1920 Sir Cecil Burney, Bt. 1858 1929 [82]
5 July 1921 Sir Doveton Sturdee, Bt. 1859 1925 [83]
22 August 1921 The Marquess of Milford Haven 1854 1921 on the Retired List[84]
31 July 1924 Sir Charles Madden, Bt. 1862 1935 [85]
8 May 1925 The Honourable Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe 1864 1937 [86]
24 November 1925 Sir John de Robeck, Bt. 1862 1928 [87]
21 January 1928 Sir Henry Oliver 1865 1965 [88]
31 July 1929 Sir Osmond Brock 1869 1947 [89]
8 May 1930 Sir Roger Keyes, Bt.
(later Lord Keyes) 		1872 1945 [90]
21 January 1933 Sir Frederick Field 1871 1945 [91]
31 July 1934 Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, Bt. 1870 1951 [92]
8 May 1935 Sir Ernle Chatfield
(later Lord Chatfield) 		1873 1967 [93]
21 January 1936 King Edward VIII 1894 1972 [94]
12 July 1936 Sir John Kelly 1871 1936 [95]
11 December 1936 King George VI 1895 1952 [96]
21 January 1938 The Earl of Cork and Orrery 1873 1967 [97]
7 July 1939 Sir Roger Backhouse 1878 1939 [98]
31 July 1939 Sir Dudley Pound 1877 1943 [99]
8 May 1940 Sir Charles Forbes 1880 1960 [100]
21 January 1943 Sir Andrew Cunningham
(later Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope) 		1883 1963 [101]
22 October 1943 Sir John Tovey
(later Lord Tovey) 		1885 1971 [102]
8 May 1945 Sir James Somerville 1882 1949 [103]
21 January 1948 Sir John Cunningham 1885 1965 [104]
22 October 1948 The Lord Fraser of North Cape 1888 1981 [105]
20 March 1949 Sir Algernon Willis 1889 1976 [106]
22 April 1952 Sir Arthur Power 1889 1960 [107]
1 June 1952 Sir Philip Vian 1894 1968 [108]
15 January 1953 The Duke of Edinburgh 1921 Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
2011–present 		[109]
1 May 1953 Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 1893 1959 [110]
22 April 1955 Sir George Creasy 1895 1972 [111]
22 October 1956 The Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1900 1979 Chief of the Defence Staff 1959–65 [112]
10 May 1960 Sir Charles Lambe 1900 1960 [113]
23 May 1962 Sir Caspar John 1903 1984 [114]
12 August 1968 Sir Varyl Begg 1908 1995 [115]
30 June 1970 Sir Michael Le Fanu 1913 1970 [116]
12 March 1971 Sir Peter Hill-Norton
(later Lord Hill-Norton) 		1915 2004 First Sea Lord 1970–1971
Chief of the Defence Staff 1971–73 		[117]
1 March 1974 Sir Michael Pollock 1916 2006 First Sea Lord 1971–1974 [118]
9 February 1977 Sir Edward Ashmore 1919 2016 First Sea Lord 1977-1977
Chief of the Defence Staff 1977 		[119]
6 July 1979 Sir Terence Lewin
(later Lord Lewin) 		1920 1999 First Sea Lord 1977–1979
Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–82 		[120]
1 December 1982 Sir Henry Leach 1923 2011 First Sea Lord 1979–1982[121]
2 August 1985 Sir John Fieldhouse
(later Lord Fieldhouse) 		1928 1992 First Sea Lord 1982–1985
Chief of the Defence Staff 1985–88		[122]
12 April 1988 King Olav V of Norway 1903 1991 honorary, to foreign royalty[123]
25 May 1989 Sir William Staveley 1928 1997 First Sea Lord 1985–1989 [124]
2 March 1992 Sir Julian Oswald 1933 2011 First Sea Lord 1989–1993 [125]
10 July 1995 Sir Benjamin Bathurst 1936 First Sea Lord 1993–1995 [126]
16 June 2012 The Prince of Wales 1948 Honorary rank[127]
13 June 2014 Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce 1943 Honorary rank[128]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Prothero, David (3 December 2002). "United Kingdom: Royal Navy rank flags". Flags of the World. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2006.
  2. ↑ "Squadronal Colours of the Royal Navy". Royal Naval Museum. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  3. ↑ "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  4. ↑ "Russell, Edward, Earl of Orford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  5. ↑ "Rooke, Sir George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  6. ↑ "Shovell, Sir Cloudesley". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  7. ↑ "Leake, Sir John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  8. ↑ "Fairborne, Stafford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  9. ↑ "Aylmer, Matthew". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  10. ↑ "Byng, George, first Viscount Torrington". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  11. ↑ Heathcote, p. 197
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 8864. p. 6. 4 July 1749. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  13. ↑ Heathcote p. 236
  14. ↑ Heathcote, p. 45
  15. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 10126. p. 2. 28 July 1761. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  16. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 10275. p. 1. 1 January 1763. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  17. ↑ Heathcote, p. 109
  18. ↑ Heathcote, p. 87
  19. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 13875. p. 258. 15 March 1796. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  20. ↑ Heathcote, p. 271
  21. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16554. p. 2454. 21 December 1811. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  22. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 17727. p. 1511. 20 July 1821. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  23. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 18701. p. 1369. 2 July 1830. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  24. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 18709. p. 1539. 23 July 1830. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  25. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 18709. p. 1539. 23 July 1830. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
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  39. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23187. p. 6158. 20 November 1866. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  40. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23349. p. 537. 4 February 1868. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  41. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23462. p. 407. 26 January 1869. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
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  44. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23915. p. 5106. 1 November 1872. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  45. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24278. p. 6577. 24 December 1875. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  46. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24411. p. 436. 30 January 1877. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  47. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24497. p. 4957. 24 August 1877. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  48. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24537. p. 2. 1 January 1878. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  49. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24537. p. 2. 1 January 1878. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  50. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 24734. p. 3967. 17 June 1879. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  51. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24997. p. 3548. 19 July 1881. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  52. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25044. p. 6470. 2 December 1881. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  53. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25466. p. 1984. 1 May 1885. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  54. ↑ Heathcote, p. 68
  55. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25816. p. 2766. 15 May 1888. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  56. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25883. p. 7140. 14 December 1888. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  57. ↑ Heathcote, p. 261
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  59. ↑ Heathcote, p. 10
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  72. ↑ Heathcote, p. 113
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  84. ↑ Order in Council of 19 August 1921; ADM 196/38
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  91. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33905. p. 524. 24 January 1933. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
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  93. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34159. p. 3048. 10 May 1935. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  94. ↑ Heathcote, p. 69
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  96. ↑ Heathcote, p. 99
  97. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34476. p. 512. 25 January 1938. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  98. ↑ Heathcote, p. 21
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  101. ↑ Heathcote, p. 60
  102. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 36255. p. 5088. 19 November 1943. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  103. ↑ Heathcote, p. 233
  104. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 38210. p. 1128. 17 February 1948. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  105. ↑ Heathcote, p. 90
  106. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 38595. p. 2052. 26 April 1949. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  107. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 39571. p. 3238. 13 June 1952. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  108. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 39606. p. 3999. 25 July 1952. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  109. ↑ Heathcote, p. 210
  110. ↑ Heathcote, p. 162
  111. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 40487. p. 3011. 24 May 1955. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  112. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 40927. p. 6492. 16 November 1956. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  113. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 42058. p. 4037. 7 June 1960. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  114. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 42704. p. 4777. 15 June 1962. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  115. ↑ Heathcote, p. 29
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  117. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 45331. p. 2937. 30 March 1971. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  118. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46225. p. 2887. 4 March 1974. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
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  120. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 47904. p. 8998. 16 July 1979. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  121. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 49174. p. 15293. 22 November 1982. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  122. ↑ Heathcote, p.78
  123. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 51297. p. 4327. 12 April 1988. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  124. ↑ Heathcote, p. 235
  125. ↑ Heathcote, p. 204
  126. ↑ Heathcote, p. 23
  127. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 60350. p. 23557. 7 December 2012.
  128. ↑ "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.

Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Royal Navy admirals of the fleet.
Commissioned officer ranks of the British Armed Forces
NATO rank code Student officer OF-1 OF-2 OF-3 OF-4 OF-5 OF-6
*		 OF-7
**		 OF-8
***		 OF-9
****		 OF-10
*****
Royal Navy O Cdt Mid SLt Lt Lt Cdr Cdr Capt Cdre RAdm
(list)		 VAdm
(list)		 Adm
(list)		 Adm of the Fleet
Royal Marines 2Lt Lt Capt Maj Lt Col Col Brig Maj-Gen Lt-Gen Gen
(list)
Army O Cdt 2Lt Lt Capt Maj Lt Col Col Brig Maj-Gen
(list)		 Lt-Gen
(list)		 Gen
(list)		 FM
Royal Air Force Off Cdt / SO APO / Plt Off Fg Off Flt Lt Sqn Ldr Wg Cdr Gp Capt Air Cdre AVM Air Mshl Air Chf Mshl
(list)		 MRAF
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