Abitain

Abitain
Abitain

Coordinates: 43°25′16″N 0°59′17″W / 43.421°N 0.988°W / 43.421; -0.988Coordinates: 43°25′16″N 0°59′17″W / 43.421°N 0.988°W / 43.421; -0.988
Country France
Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Intercommunality Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Marc Seguin
Area1 6.59 km2 (2.54 sq mi)
Population (2009)2 111
 • Density 17/km2 (44/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 64004 / 64390
Elevation 28–136 m (92–446 ft)
(avg. 62 m or 203 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Abitain is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

The inhabitants are known as Abitainois, or Abitaonoises.[1]

Geography

A House in Abitain

Location

Abitain is bordered on the eastern side by the Gave d'Oloron about 20 km southeast of Peyrehorade and 11 km southwest of Salies-de-Béarn. Access to the commune is by road D936 from Escos in the north, passing south down the eastern side of the commune through the village and continuing to Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren in the south.

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune's eastern border is the Gave d'Oloron, which joins the Gave de Pau at Peyrehorade which flows a further 10 km as the Gaves Réunis before joining the Adour river. A number of small streams flow in the commune including Le Crabé which flows into the Gave d'Oloron at the northern border of the commune and the Arrioutèque creek.

Localities and hamlets[2]

  • Aunès[3]
  • Benes
  • Le Bois
  • Bonnefont[3]
  • la Bordenave
  • Constantine
  • Coustalat
  • Couyoula
  • Dupont
  • Etchebarne
  • Labie
  • Lafite[3]
  • Lartigue
  • Latéoulère
  • le Lot
  • Peyre
  • Plain
  • Pouey[3]
  • Reyen
  • Richard
  • Ségabache
  • Treyture
  • La Tuilerie[3]

Neighbouring Communes and Villages

 Labastide-Villefranche Escos Oraas
Bergouey-Viellenave Athos-Aspis
   Abitain  
Ilharre Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren Sauveterre-de-Bearn

Toponymy

The commune's name in Béarnais is Avitenh.

Michel Grosclaude proposed a Latin etymology of Avitus (name of a man called "Avit") plus the Gascon suffix -enh.[4]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description
Abitain Bitengs 13th century Raymond
2
 Bayonne Village
Bitenh 1385 Raymond
2
 Census
Abithen 1439 Raymond
2
 Notaries
Sent-Pee d'Abitehn 1472 Raymond
2
 Notaries
Havitenh 1538 Raymond
2
 Reformation
Avitenh 1546 Raymond
2
 Reformation
Aviteing 1608 Raymond
2
 Insinuations
Avitein 1786 Raymond
2
 Regulations
Abitain 1750 Cassini
Aunès l'ostau d'Ones 1385 Raymond
17
 Census Farm and Fief, Barony created in March 1775, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn
La maison noble de Donez 1666 Raymond
17
 Reformation
Omeix 1666 Raymond
17
 Denombrement
Aunez 1863 Raymond
17
Bonnefont Bonehont 1385 Raymond
33
 Census Fief, dependent on the Marquisate of Gassion
Bonafont 1538 Raymond
33
 Reformation
Lafite L'ostau de Lafite d'Abitenh 1538 Raymond
89
 Reformation Fief, dependent on the Viscounts of Béarn
Parlabriu L'ostau de Part-l'Arriu d'Abitenh 1385 Raymond
132
 Census Farm and Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn and subject to the bailiwick of Sauveterre
Partarriu 1546 Raymond
132
 Reformation
Pallarriu 1778 Raymond
132
 Terrier
La Peyre La Peyre 1863 Raymond
134
 Census Place
Pouey Poey 1755 Raymond
136
 Denombrement Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn
Poey 1863 Raymond
136
La Tuilerie La Teulere 1537 Raymond
169
 Chapter Fief
La Tuilerie 1863 Raymond
169

Sources:

Origins:

History

The village of Abitain formed on the left bank of the Gave d'Oloron around its Lay Abbey, vassal of the Viscounts of Bearn, a building which still remains.[3] The families of Belloc then Claverie were the abbot patrons of the parish. The tomb of the last lay abbot of Abitain, who died in 1785, is in the church of Saint-Pierre.

Paul Raymond, on page 2 of his 1863 dictionary, noted that in 1385 the town had 15 fires and depended on the bailiwick of Sauveterre.[3]

In 1648 the barony of Lons became a marquisate, which included Abitain, Anoye, Baleix, Castillon, Juillacq, Le Leu (hamlet Oraàs), Samsons-Lion, Lons, Maspie, Oraàs, Peyrède (fief Oraàs), Sauvagnon, and Viellepinte.[15]

The village had two mills: one at Leü (which actually depended on Oraàs) and one at Séguabache - now a sawmill.

In 1856, Ferdinand Carrère, heir to the last Lay Abbey demolished the old abbey castle to build Carrère castle in Escos.

In February 1814, the town was occupied by the troops of General Morillo and by the English, facing the French entrenched in Oraàs.

A famous ferry - where there was a tragic accident in 1845 - has long been in service between Moliède and Athos.

Administration

The Town Hall

List of Successive Mayors of Abitain[16]

From To Name Party Position
1935 1940 Pierre de Chevigné
1945 1965 Pierre de Chevigné MRP
1995 2001 Denise Saint-Pé UDF
2001 2008 Victor Masero DVD
2008 2014 Didier Lasserre
2014 2020 Marc Seguin

(Not all data is known)

Intercommunality

The town is a member of seven inter-communal organisations:

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 101 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1][Note 2]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
315 312 332 344 355 383 336 325 300
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
290 280 300 307 305 337 323 304 301
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
296 285 292 262 252 253 264 230 202
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2007 2008
172 158 143 138 126 107 102 102 101
2009 2010 - - - - - - -
101 101 - - - - - - -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Abitain War Memorial

Economy

The activity of the commune is mainly agricultural. A sawmill is also in operation.

The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Civil heritage

There are only the ruins of the Leu mill which have been the subject of numerous lawsuits. Another mill, called Séguabache, is the current sawmill and is easily visible in the commune.

Religious Heritage

The Church of Saint Pierre

During the construction of the clock tower in 1926 what remained of the old lay abbey was destroyed. In the old abbey there was a special room where the Lord of the Manor could overlook the church choir and follow the Mass without being in the crowd. The abbey enclosure can still be seen.

The Tombstone of the last lord of Abitain was discovered during the restoration of the church. It was marked on the wall of the church to preserve its memory.

The Parish Church of Saint Pierre (19th century),[17] of Romanesque origin, still has the arms of the Abitain abbots (Blason: Azure, with two stars Or in chief) from the burial of the last abbot. There is a 16th-century window of Germanic origin. Also in the church (in the attic) is an altarpiece from the 17th century.

The Cemetery contains the graves of priests and that of Father Joffre, Capuchin missionary in Canada who died at Abitain in 1909. There is also the tomb of Colonel Count Pierre de Chevigne, Companion of the Liberation, one of the greats of béarnaise politics and a strong and faithful supporter of General de Gaulle. The coat of arms of Chevigne are engraved on his tomb with the motto "Quod decet". He donated land and equipment to the communes of Abitain and Escos.

Notable People linked to the Commune

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 , the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ In the census table, by convention in Wikipedia, and to allow a fair comparison between five yearly censuses, the principle has been retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 displayed in the census table that shows populations for the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc., as well as the latest legal population published by INSEE

References

  1. ↑ Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  2. ↑ Abitain on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (French)
  4. 1 2 Michel Grosclaude, Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, ISBN 2-35068-005-3 (French)
  5. ↑ Cassini Map 1750 – Abitain
  6. ↑ Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  7. ↑ Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  8. ↑ Notaries of Labastide-Villefranche in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  9. ↑ Manuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  10. ↑ Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  11. ↑ Manuscript Collection of 140 volumes of deliberations (1606 to 1789) in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
  12. ↑ Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  13. ↑ Manuscript from the 18th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  14. ↑ Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  15. ↑ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 103
  16. ↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
  17. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000666 Parish Church of Saint Pierre (French)
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