321st Missile Squadron

321st Missile Squadron

LGM-30G Minuteman III test launch at Vandenburg AFB, California
Active 1942-1946; 1947-1948; 1951-1960; 1964-present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Type Squadron
Role Intercontinental ballistic missile
Part of Air Force Global Strike Command
Garrison/HQ Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
Nickname(s) Bombs Away! (World War II)
Engagements Southwest Pacific Theater
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Commanders
Current
commander		 Lt Col Cynthia Gundersen
Insignia
321st Missile Squadron emblem (approved 4 November 1965)[1]
Patch with unofficial 321st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron emblem[2]
321st Bombardment Sq emblem (approved 27 March 1943)[3]
321st Bombardment Squadron "Jolly Rogers" patch[note 1]

The 321st Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 90th Operations Group, stationed at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), with a mission of nuclear deterrence.

History

World War II

Media related to 90th Bombardment Group at Wikimedia Commons

B-24D-170-CO Liberator 42-72956 on Mission to Wewak, New Guinea, 24 February 1944

The squadron was first organized as the 321st Bombardment Squadron at Key Field, Mississippi in April 1942 as a Consolidated B-24 Liberator unit and one of the original squadrons of the 90th Bombardment Group. The squadron trained with Liberators in the southeastern United States under III Bomber Command until August.[1][4]

"Jolly Rogers" of the 90th Bombardment Group on a mission, 1943

The squadron moved to Willow Run Airport, Michigan for conversion training on newly manufactured Ford Liberators. Assigned to VII Bomber Command with B-24Ds, the unit moved to Hickam Field, Hawaii in September. The squadron arrived in northern Queensland, Australia in November 1942 and began bombardment missions under V Bomber Command almost immediately.[4]

The squadron attacked enemy airfields, troop concentrations, ground installations and shipping in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Palau and the southern Philippines. The 321st was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for its operations in Papua through January 1943. The unit participated in the Battle of Bismarck Sea in March 1943, and earned another citation for strikes on enemy airfields at Wewak, New Guinea in September 1943 despite heavy flak and fighter opposition.[4]

During 1944, the 321st supported the New Guinea Campaign through the end of June, then made long-range raids on oil refineries at Balikpapan, Borneo, in September and October. In January 1945, the squadron moved to the Philippines and supported ground forces on Luzon, attacked industrial targets on Formosa, and bombed railways, airfields, and harbor facilities on the Asiatic mainland. Shortly before the end of the war in the Pacific, the 90th moved to Okinawa, from which it would be able to strike the Japanese home islands.[4]

After VJ Day, the squadron flew reconnaissance missions over Japan and ferried Allied prisoners of war from Okinawa to Manila. It ceased operations by November 1945. The squadron was inactivated in the Philippines in early 1946.[1]

Superfortress operations

Main article: 90th Bombardment Wing

The squadron was reactivated in July 1947 as a very heavy unit at Andrews Field, Maryland. It was a component of one of seven bombardment groups activated at Andrews by Strategic Air Command (SAC) that day. Most of these units, including the 321st, were inactivated by September 1948 and it does not appear they were manned during this period.[1][5][6]

Wing Boeing B-29[note 2]

The squadron was again organized at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington in January 1951 and equipped with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. In February, as part of a reorganization of Strategic Air Command wings, the 90th Bombardment Group was reduced to paper status and the squadron was attached to the wing for operational control. In June 1952, this organization, which was designed to permit the wing commander to focus on the wing's combat units and the maintenance necessary to support combat aircraft, was formalized as the Dual Deputy Organization and the squadron was assigned to the wing.[7][8]

In March 1951, the squadron moved to Forbes Air Force Base, where it served primarily as a training unit. In May, it began serving as an Operational Training Unit for B-29 aircrews and mechanics of newly-activating units. The squadron help organize and train the 376th, 308th, and 310th Bombardment Wings.[9][10][11]

In June, the squadron added duty as a Replacement Training Unit, primarily providing individual training for aircrew being assigned to existing Far East Air Forces B-29 units during the Korean War.[12][note 3] In November 1952 it also began training replacement crews for the RB-29 reconnaissance model of the Superfortress and SHORAN personnel for Strategic Air Command (SAC). These training activities continued through November 1953.[7]

Strategic reconnaissance

B-47 and KC-97 as flown by the wing

The squadron began to fly strategic reconnaissance missions in September 1953.[7] The following year, it replaced its RB-29s with the jet Boeing RB-47 Stratojet, with the first B-47E arriving on 25 June, although crews had begun training in March.[13] One year later, the squadron and the entire 90th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing deployed as a unit to Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska from 5 May until 31 August 1955, where the wing performed the final mapping of Alaska.[7][14] In May 1958, the 90th Wing returned to the training mission serving as a combat crew training wing for RB-47 aircrews until it was inactivated on 20 June 1960.[7] The squadron's personnel and equipment were transferred to the 45th Bombardment Squadron, which moved to Forbes on paper from Schilling Air Force Base, Kansas the same day.[15]

Intercontinental ballistic missiles

LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Alert and Launch Facilities

Media related to 90th Missile Wing at Wikimedia Commons

The squadron was reactivated on 9 April 1964 as an intercontinental ballistic missile squadron assigned to the 90th Strategic Missile Wing at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming, and equipped with fifty LGM-30B Minuteman Is, armed with a single reentry vehicle. The squadron was the third of the 90th Wing's four Minuteman squadrons to activate, as construction on launch facitlities continued until the middle of 1964. Beginning in June 1973, its Minuteman I missiles began to be replaced by LGM-30G Minuteman IIIs, which could carry up to three reentry vehicles.[7][16] In 2001 in compliance with the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, these missiles were limited to a single reentry vehicle[16]

The squadron won the Samuel C. Phillips Award as the best missile squadron in Air Force Space Command in 2005.[17]

Lineage

Activated on 15 April 1942
Redesignated 321 Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 6 March 1944
Inactivated on 27 January 1946
Activated on 1 July 1947
Inactivated on 6 September 1948
Activated on 2 January 1951
Redesignated 321 Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Medium on 16 June 1952
Discontinued on 20 June 1960
Organized on 9 April 1964
Redesignated 321 Missile Squadron on 1 September 1991[1]

Assignments

Stations

Aircraft and missiles

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citationc. 4 November 1942 – 23 January 1943Papua, 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Distinguished Unit Citation13 and 15 September 1943New Guinea, 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1968 – 30 June 1969321st Strategic Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1973 – 30 June 1975321st Strategic Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1977 – 30 June 1979321st Strategic Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1982 – 30 June 1984321st Strategic Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1987 – 30 June 1989321st Strategic Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 August 1991 – 31 July 1993321st Strategic Missile Squadron
(later 321st Missile Squadron)[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1994 – 30 September 1995321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 September 1996 – 31 August 1998321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1999 – 30 September 2000321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2001 – 31 December 2001321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2003 – 30 September 2005321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2005 – 30 September 2007321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2007 – 30 September 2008321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 2008 – 31 May 2010321st Missile Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2011 – 31 December 2012321st Missile Squadron[1]
Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation17 October 1944 – 4 July 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Guadalcanalc. 4 November 1942 – 21 February 1943321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Papuac. 4 November – 23 January 1943 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Northern Solomons23 February 1943 – 21 November 1944 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Bismarck Archipelago15 December 1943 – 27 November 1944 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
New Guinea24 January 1943 – 31 December 1944 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Leyte17 October 1944 – 1 July 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Luzon15 December 1944 – 4 July 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Southern Philippines27 February 1945 – 4 July 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
China DefensiveNovember 1942 – 4 May 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
China Offensive5 May 1945 – 2 September 1945321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Air Offensive, JapanNovember 1942 – 2 September 1945 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]
Western Pacific17 April 1944 – 2 September 1945 321st Bombardment Squadron[1]

See also

Coordinates: 41°07′59″N 104°52′01″W / 41.13306°N 104.86694°W / 41.13306; -104.86694 (Francis E. Warren AFB)

References

Notes

  1. ↑ The 90th Bombardment Group "Jolly Rogers" emblem was used as a squadron patch and as a tail marking on B-24s with each squadron having its own color in the background. Watkins, pp. 86-87
  2. ↑ Aircraft is Boeing B-29-100-BW Superfortress serial 45-21846
  3. ↑ Replacement Training Units trained individuals to fill positions in existing units. See Goss, p. xxxvi

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Bailey, Carl E. (June 18, 2015). "Factsheet 321 Missile Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  2. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 394 (no approved emblem).
  3. ↑ Watkins, pp. 86-87
  4. 1 2 3 4 Robertson, Patsy (May 27, 2010). "Factsheet 90 Operations Group (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  5. ↑ Mueller, p. 8
  6. ↑ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 102, 176, 178
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robertson, Patsy (April 6, 2012). "Factsheet 90 Missile Wing (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  8. ↑ Deaile, pp. 175–176
  9. ↑ Ravenstein, pp. 200–202
  10. ↑ Robertson, Patsy (August 27, 2015). "Factsheet 308 Armament Systems Wing (AFMC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  11. ↑ Kane, Robert B. (December 23, 2010). "Factsheet 310 Space Wing (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Abstract, History 90 Bombardment Wing". Air Force History Index. 1 October 1951. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  13. ↑ 90th Missile Wing Heritage Pamphlet, pp. 3, 15
  14. ↑ 90th Missile Wing Heritage Pamphlet, p. 15
  15. ↑ Ravenstein, p. 68
  16. 1 2 "90 MW Fact Sheet". 90th Missile Wing Public Affairs. August 19, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  17. ↑ 90th Missile Wing Heritage Pamphlet, p. 9

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

External links

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