1993 in spaceflight

1993 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
Astronauts Story Musgrave and Jeffrey Hoffman repair the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-61.
First	12 January
Last	22 December
Total	83
Successes	77
Failures	4
Partial failures	2
National firsts
Satellite	Portugal
Rockets
Maiden flights	Ariane 4 42L Atlas IIAS PSLV Start-1
Manned flights
Orbital	9
Total travellers	47

The following is an outline of 1993 in spaceflight.

Launches

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Launch site		LSP
	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks

12 January 11:10:17	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
12 January 11:10:17	Kosmos 2230 (Tsikada)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
13 January 01:49	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
13 January 01:49	Molniya-1-85	MOM	Molniya	Communications	15 November 2005	Successful
13 January 13:59:30^[1]	Space Shuttle Endeavour^[2]		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-54	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	19 January 13:37:47	Successful
	TDRS-6 (TDRS-F)	NASA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts
19 January 14:49:01	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
19 January 14:49:01	Kosmos 2231 (Yantar-4K2-66)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	25 March	Successful
24 January 05:58:05	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
	Soyuz TM-16	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Mir EO-13	22 July	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with two cosmonauts
26 January 15:55:26	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
26 January 15:55:26	Kosmos 2232 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
27 January 10:43:41	Black Brant XII		Poker Flat		NASA
	PHAZE	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere	In orbit	Failure
	Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi); Failed before reaching space
28 January	HPB		Wake Island		Orbital Sciences
		US Air Force	Suborbital	Reentry vehicle test	28 January	Successful
	Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)

3 February 02:55	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
3 February 02:55	USA-88 (GPS IIA-9)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
5 February 16:24	Storm		White Sands SULF		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Suborbital	BTTV-3 Validation	5 February	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi);
7 February	Prithvi		Balasore		DRDO
		DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	7 February	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
8 February 20:00	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Solar	8 February	Successful
	Apogee: 289 kilometres (180 mi)
9 February 02:56:56	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
9 February 02:56:56	Kosmos 2233 (Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
9 February 14:30	Pegasus		Kennedy Balls 8		Orbital Sciences
	Orbcomm CDS-1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Orbcomm SCD-1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
11 February	HPB		Wake Island		Orbital Sciences
		Orbital Sciences	Suborbital	Re-entry vehicle test	11 February	Failure
	Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
17 February 20:09:47	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
	Kosmos 2234 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
	Kosmos 2235 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
	Kosmos 2236 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
18 February 07:00	S-520		Kagoshima LA-K		ISAS
	METS	ISAS	Suborbital	Ionosphere and Plasma	18 February	Successful
	Apogee: 272 kilometres (169 mi)
19 February 13:45	RH-560		Sriharikota		ISRO
		ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 February	Successful
	Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
19 February 13:15	RH-560		Sriharikota		ISRO
		ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 February	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 February 18:00	Black Brant 9CM1		White Sands LC-36		Space Services Incorporated
	CONSORT-6	SSI	Suborbital	Microgravity	19 February	Successful
	Apogee: 301 kilometres (187 mi)
20 February 02:20	Mu-3S-II		Kagoshima LA-M1		ISAS
20 February 02:20	ASCA (ASTRO-D)	ISAS	Low Earth	Astronomy	2 March 2001	Successful
21 February 18:32:33	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
21 February 18:32:33	Progress M-16	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	27 March	Successful
25 February 13:40	RT-2PM Topol		Plesetsk		RVSN
		RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	25 February	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
26 February 20:45	Polaris/STARS		Barking Sands LC-42		Space Data Corporation
	FTU-1	SDC	Suborbital	Test	26 February	Successful
	Maiden flight of UGM-27 Polaris in STARS configuration; Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)

2 March	LGM-118 Peacekeeper		Vandenberg LF-02		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	2 March	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
8 March 00:15	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS 29	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	8 March	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March 13:38	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS 30	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	10 March	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March	LGM-30G Minuteman III		Vandenberg LF-26		US Air Force
	GT-151GB	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	10 March	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
16 March 02:12:41	Black Brant 9CM1		Wallops Island LA-2		SDIO
	SPEAR 3	SDIO	Suborbital	Plasma	16 March	Successful
	Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
22 March	Sonda-2		Alcântara		INPE
	Maruda	INPE	Suborbital	Ionosphere	22 March	Successful
	Apogee: 102 kilometres (63 mi)
25 March 02:28	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
25 March 02:28	Raduga 29	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
25 March 13:15:27	Start-1		Plesetsk Site 158		RVSN
	EKA	MO RF	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
	Maiden flight of Start-1
25 March 21:38	Atlas I		Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
	UHF-1	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Launch failure
	Booster engine failure left spacecraft in useless orbit
26 March 02:21	Zenit-2		Baikonur Site 45/1		VKS
26 March 02:21	Kosmos 2237 (Tselina-2)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Operational
30 March 03:09	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
	USA-90 (GPS IIA-10)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
	Decommissioned on 24 October 2005
30 March 12:00	Tsyklon-2		Baikonur Site 90		VKS
30 March 12:00	Kosmos 2238 (US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	10 December 1994	Successful
31 March 03:34:13	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
31 March 03:34:13	Progress M-17	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	3 March 1994	Successful

1 April 18:57:26	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		VKS
1 April 18:57:26	Kosmos 2239 (Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
2 April 10:09	Black Brant XII		Poker Flat		NASA
	Alaska 93	NASA/UCB	Suborbital	Ionosphere	2 April	Successful
	Apogee: 1,425 kilometres (885 mi)
2 April 14:30:01	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
2 April 14:30:01	Kosmos 2240 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	7 June	Successful
6 April 19:07:27	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
6 April 19:07:27	Kosmos 2241 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
8 April 05:29^[1]	Space Shuttle Discovery^[3]		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-56	NASA	Low Earth	Solar astronomy	17 April 11:37:19	Successful
	Spacelab Pallet	ESA/NASA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Spacelab ATLAS-2
	SPARTAN-201	NASA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Solar
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; SPARTAN deployed from Discovery on 11 April and retrieved on 13 April
12 April 17:18	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	NIXT	NASA	Suborbital	Solar	12 April	Successful
	Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi)
16 April 07:49	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		VKS
16 April 07:49	Kosmos 2242 (Tselina)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Operational
17 April 09:15	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SXT	NASA/Colorado at Boulder	Suborbital	X-Ray astronomy	17 April	Successful
	Apogee: 254 kilometres (158 mi)
19 April 05:50	RH-560		Sriharikota		ISRO
	SPICE-3	ISRO	Suborbital	Ionosphere	19 April	Successful
	Apogee: 323 kilometres (201 mi)
21 April 00:23	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
21 April 00:23	Molniya 3-57L	MOM	Molniya	Communications	25 January 2004	Successful
25 April 13:56	Pegasus		Edwards Balls 8		Orbital Sciences
	Orbcomm CDS-2 (VSUME)	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Alexis	STP	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
26 April 14:50^[1]	Space Shuttle Columbia^[4]		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-55	NASA/DLR	Low Earth	Microgravity	6 May 14:30	Successful
	Spacelab Long Module 1	NASA/DLR	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab D2	6 May 14:30	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts
27 April 10:35	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6		VKS
	Kosmos 2243 (Yantar-1KFT)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	6 May	Spacecraft failure
	Mission aborted after six days
28 April 03:39:20	Tsyklon-2		Baikonur Site 90		VKS
28 April 03:39:20	Kosmos 2244 (US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	18 March 1995	Successful

1 May 05:35	Skylark 7		Esrange LA-S		DLR
	TEXUS 30	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	1 May	Successful
	Apogee: 234 kilometres (145 mi)
6 May 15:38	Black Brant VIIIC		Poker Flat		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	6 May	Successful
	Apogee: 271 kilometres (168 mi)
11 May 14:56:01	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		VKS
	Kosmos 2245 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2246 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2247 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2248 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2249 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Komsos 2250 (Strela)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
12 May 00:56:32	Ariane 4 (42L)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	Astra 1C	SES Astra	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Arsene (Oscar-24)	RACE/AMSAT	Medium Earth	Communications	In orbit	Partial satellite failure
	Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (42L); VHF transponder on Arsene failed during launch and UHF/S-band transponder failed on 6 September 1993, making satellite unusable
13 May 00:07	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
	USA-91 (GPS IIA-11)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
	Decommissioned on 20 December 2007
14 May 01:10	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS-31	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	14 May	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
19 May 00:47	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS-32	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	19 May	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
21 May 09:15:01	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
21 May 09:15:01	Resurs F-17	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	20 June	Successful
22 May 06:41:47	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
22 May 06:41:47	Progress M-18	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	4 July	Successful
23 May 09:17	LCLV		Cape Canaveral LC-20		BMDO
	Red Tigress 2A	BMDO	Suborbital	Target	23 May	Successful
	Apogee: 378 kilometres (235 mi)
26 May 03:23	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/4		VKS
26 May 03:23	Molniya 1–86	MOM	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Operational
26 May 09:43	Nike-Orion		Centre d'Essais des Landes		DLR
		DLR/Aérospatiale	Suborbital	Test flight	26 May	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
27 May 01:22	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
27 May 01:22	Gorizont 28	RSCC	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	27 May	Launch Failure
28 May 08:34	LCLV		Cape Canaveral LC-20		BMDO
		BMDO	Suborbital	Target	28 May	Successful
	Apogee: 390 kilometres (240 mi)
29 May	Hwaseong 6		Musudan-ri
			Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May	Hwaseong 6		Musudan-ri
			Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May	Rodong-1		Musudan-ri
			Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
	Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
30 May	Hwaseong 6		Musudan-ri
			Suborbital	Missile test	30 May	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)

15 June 17:30	LGM-30B Minuteman I		Vandenberg LF-03		US Air Force
	RSLP TDT-1	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	15 June	Launch failure
	Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
16 June 04:39	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	16 June	Successful
	Apogee: 253 kilometres (157 mi)
16 June 04:17	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
	Kosmos 2251 (Strela-2M)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	10 February 2009	Successful
	Collided with Iridium 33 after retirement.^[5]
21 June 13:07:22^[1]	Space Shuttle Endeavour^[6]		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-57	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity	1 July 12:52	Successful
	SpaceHab LSM	NASA/SpaceHab	Low Earth (Endeavour)	Scientific research	1 July 12:52	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with six astronauts; Retrieved European Retrievable Carrier
22 June	Aries		White Sands LC-36		Orbital Sciences
		BMDO	Suborbital	Technology	22 June	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
24 June 04:12:41	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		VKS
	Kosmos 2252 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2253 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2254 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2255 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2256 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2257 (Strela-3)	MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
25 June 00:18	Ariane 4 (42P)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
25 June 00:18	Galaxy-4H	Hughes	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
25 June 08:20	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
25 June 08:20	Resurs F-17	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	12 July	Successful
25 June 23:30	Scout G-1		Vandenberg SLC-5		NASA
25 June 23:30	RADCAL (P92-1)	US Air Force/STP	Low Earth (Polar)	Radar calibration	In orbit	Successful
26 June 13:27	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
	USA-92 (GPS IIA-12)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
	PMG	NASA	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
June	Prithvi		Balasore		DRDO
		DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	L+1 hour	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)

1 July 14:32:58	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
	Soyuz TM-17	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Mir EO-14	14 January 1994	Successful
	Manned orbital fight with three cosmonauts
2 July	LGM-30G Minuteman III		Vandenberg LF-09		US Air Force
	GT-152GM	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	2 July	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
7 July 07:15	Tsyklon-2		Baikonur Site 90		VKS
7 July 07:15	Kosmos 2258 (US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	8 June 1995	Successful
7 July	UGM-133 Trident II		USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range		US Navy
		US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	7 July	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 July	UGM-133 Trident II		USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range		US Navy
		US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	7 July	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July 03:19	LGM-118 Peacekeeper		Vandenberg LF-05		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	14 July	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July 16:40	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
14 July 16:40	Kosmos 2259 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	25 July	Successful
19 July 22:04	Atlas II/IABS		Cape Canaveral LC-36A		General Dynamics
19 July 22:04	USA-93 (DSCS IIIB-9)	US Air Force	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
22 July 08:25	Black Brant X		Wallops Island		NASA
	WISP-2	NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	22 July	Successful
	Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
22 July 08:45	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
22 July 08:45	Kosmos 2260 (Zenit-8)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	5 August	Successful
22 July 22:58:55	Ariane 4 (44L)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	Hispasat 1B	Hispasat	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	INSAT-2B	ISRO	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
23 July 08:22	RT-2PM Topol		Plesetsk		RVSN
		RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	23 July	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 July	Black Brant 9CM1		Centre d'Essais des Landes LA-CE		Matra
	BLANC	Matra	Suborbital	Photography	27 July	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
28 July 05:43	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	28 July	Successful
	Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)
30 July 06:19	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	30 July	Successful
	Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)

1 August 01:46	Nike-Orion		Andøya		NDRE
	SCT-06	NDRE	Suborbital	Aeronomy	1 August	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
2 August 00:37	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
	Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
2 August 01:02	Nike-Orion		Esrange		DLR/SSC
	Decimals-B	SSC	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
	Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August 01:24	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
	Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August 03:24	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
	Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August 05:54	Viper IIIA		Esrange		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
	Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August 19:59	Titan IVA (403)		Vandenberg SLC-4E		US Air Force
	SLDCOM-3	NRO	Intended: Low Earth	Communications	T+101 seconds	Launch Failure
	NOSS-2-3A	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
	NOSS-2-3B	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
	NOSS-2-3C	US Navy	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT
	Apogee: 33 kilometres (21 mi)
4 August 00:52	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
4 August 00:52	Molniya-3 No.58L	MOM	Molniya	Communications	31 December 2013	Successful
9 August 10:02	Atlas E		Vandenberg SLC-3W		US Air Force
9 August 10:02	NOAA-13	NOAA	Sun-synchronous	Weather	In orbit	Successful
10 August 14:53:45	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
10 August 14:53:45	Kosmos 2261 (Oko)	MOM	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
10 August 22:23:45	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
10 August 22:23:45	Progress M-19	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	13 October	Successful
17 August 18:00	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SERTS 93-5	NASA	Suborbital	Solar	17 August	Successful
	Apogee: 312 kilometres (194 mi)
20 August 18:27	UGM-133 Trident II		USS Nebraska, Eastern Range		US Navy
		US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	20 August	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 August 10:45	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16/2		VKS
24 August 10:45	Resurs F-19	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	10 September	Successful
25 August 10:00	Polaris/STARS		Barking Sands LC-42		Space Data Corporation
	Zodiac Beauchamp	SDC	Suborbital	Target	25 August	Successful
	Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
28 August 09:45	Aries		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SXT (XOGS)	NASA	Suborbital	X-Ray astronomy	28 August	Launch Failure
	Apogee: 8 kilometres (5.0 mi)
30 August 12:38	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
	USA-94 (GPS IIA-13)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
	Decommissioned on 1 May 2013^[7]
31 August 04:40	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		VKS
	Meteor 2–21	Roskosmos	Low Earth	Weather	In orbit	Successful
	Temisat	Telespazio	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
31 August	LGM-30G Minuteman III		Vandenberg LF-26		US Air Force
	GT-153GB	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	31 August	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)

3 September 11:17	Atlas I		Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
3 September 11:17	USA-95 (UHF-2)	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
7 September 13:25	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 31/6		VKS
7 September 13:25	Kosmos 2262 (Don)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	18 December	Successful
10 September 16:00	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS 33	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	10 September	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
12 September 11:45	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-51	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	22 September 07:56	Successful
	ORFEUS-SPAS	NASA/DARA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Astronomy	22 September 07:56	Successful
	ACTS	NASA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; ACTS deployed using Transfer Orbit Stage and retired on 28 April 2004
13 September 18:00	Nike-Orion		White Sands		NASA
	CWAS 34	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	13 September	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
15 September	LGM-118 Peacekeeper		Vandenberg LF-02		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	15 September	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 September 07:36:19	Zenit-2		Baikonur Site 45/1		VKS
16 September 07:36:19	Kosmos 2263 (Tselina-2)	MO RF	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Successful
16 September 23:00	TR-1A		Tanegashima LA-T		NASDA
		NASDA	Suborbital	Microgravity	16 September	Successful
	Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)
17 September 00:43:10	Tsyklon-2		Baikonur Site 90		VKS
17 September 00:43:10	Kosmos 2264 (US-PM)	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	7 August 1995	Successful
20 September 05:12	PSLV		Sriharikota FLP		ISRO
	IRS 1E	ISRO	Intended: Low Earth	Remote sensing	20 September	Launch Failure
	Maiden flight of PSLV; failed to reach orbit due to guidance system malfunction
26 September 01:45	Ariane 4 (40)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	SPOT 3	Spot Image	Sun-synchronous	Remote sensing	In orbit	Successful
	Stella	CNES	Low Earth	Gravity	In orbit	Successful
	Healthsat-2	SatelLife	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Kitsat-2	KAIST	Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
	Eyesat	Interferometrics/AMSAT	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	ItamSat	Interferometrics/AMSAT	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	PoSAT-1		Low Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
	SPOT 3 ceased functioning on 14 November 1997; PoSAT-1 is the first Portuguese satellite
30 September 17:05:59	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
30 September 17:05:59	Raduga 30	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational

4 October 17:45	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	CU-4	NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	4 October	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
4 October 19:35	Taurus-Orion		White Sands		NASA
		NASA	Suborbital	Plasma	4 October	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
5 October 17:56	Titan 23G/Star-37XFP-ISS		Vandenberg SLC-4W		US Air Force
	Landsat 6	NASA	Intended: Low Earth	Remote sensing	5 October	Launch Failure
	Upper stage failed to ignite; Apogee: 724 kilometres (450 mi)
8 October 08:00	Long March 2C		Jiuquan LA-2B		CALT
8 October 08:00	FSW 1–5	CASC	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	28 October	Successful
8 October	Storm		White Sands SULF		US Air Force
	BTTV-4 (PAC-2)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	8 October	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
11 October 21:33:19	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
11 October 21:33:19	Progress M-20	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	21 November	Successful
18 October 14:53:10	Space Shuttle Columbia		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-58	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity	1 November	Successful
	Spacelab Long Module 2	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab SLS-2
	EDO Pallet	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Cryogenic mission extension pallet
	Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts
21 October 01:46	INTA-300B		El Arenosillo		INTA
	FEIROX (FEIROH)	INTA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	21 October	Successful
	Apogee: 154 kilometres (96 mi)
22 October 06:46	Ariane 4 (44LP)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
22 October 06:46	Intelsat 701	Intelsat	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
26 October 10:00:04	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
26 October 10:00:04	Kosmos 2265 (Taifun)	MO RF	Low Earth	Radar calibration	11 August 2003	Successful
26 October	Storm		White Sands LC-36		US Air Force
	BTTV-5 (ERINT)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	26 October	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
28 October 15:17	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
28 October 15:17	Gorizont 28	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
28 October 17:04	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
28 October 17:04	USA-96 (GPS IIA-14)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational

2 November 12:10:09	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		VKS
2 November 12:10:09	Kosmos 2266 (Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
3 November	S3		Centre d'Essais des Landes
			Suborbital	Missile test	3 November	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
4 November 07:07	Skylark 7		Esrange LA-S		SSC
	MASER 6	SSC	Suborbital	Microgravity	4 November	Successful
	Apogee: 243 kilometres (151 mi)
5 November 08:25	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5		VKS
5 November 08:25	Kosmos 2267 (Yantar-4KS1M)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	28 December 1994	Successful
17 November	Sonda-2		Natal		INPE
		INPE	Suborbital	Ionosphere	17 November	Successful
	Apogee: 555 kilometres (345 mi)
18 November 13:54:59	Proton-K/DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		VKS
	Gorizont 29	MOM	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Sold to Rimsat as Rimsat-1, then to PASI as PASI-1, then to LMI as LIM-AP-1
18 November	UGM-133 Trident II		USS Nebraska, Eastern Range		US Navy
		US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	18 November	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 November 01:17	Ariane 4 (44LP)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	Solidaridad-1	Tele Mexico	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Meteosat 6	EUMETSAT	Geostationary	Weather	In orbit	Operational
26 November 11:00	Skylark 7		Esrange LA-S		DLR
	TEXUS 31	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	26 November	Successful
	Apogee: 257 kilometres (160 mi)
28 November 23:40	Atlas II		Cape Canaveral LC-36A		General Dynamics
28 November 23:40	USA-97 (DSCS IIIB-10)	US Air Force	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
29 November 09:30	Nike-Improved Orion		Esrange		DLR
	MINI-TEXUS 1	DLR	Suborbital	Microgravity	29 November	Successful
	Apogee: 146 kilometres (91 mi)
30 November	Storm		White Sands LC-36		US Air Force
	BTTV-6 (ERINT/GTF-2)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	30 November	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)

2 December 09:27	Space Shuttle Endeavour		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-61	NASA	Low Earth (HST)	Satellite refurbishment (HST-SM1)	13 December	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts
8 December 00:48	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral LC-17A		McDonnell Douglas
8 December 00:48	USA-98 (NATO-4B)	NATO/US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
16 December 00:38	Atlas IIAS		Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
	Telstar 401	AT&T	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Maiden flight of Atlas IIAS; Telstar 401 destroyed by a magnetic storm in 1997
17 December	Storm		White Sands SULF		US Air Force
	MTTV-1 (ERINT)	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	17 December	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
18 December 01:27	Ariane 4 (44L)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	DBS-1	Hughes	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Thaicom 1	Shin Corporation	Geostationary	Communications	In orbit	Successful
22 December 20:37:16	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/3		VKS
22 December 20:37:16	Molniya 1–87	MOM	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Operational
December	Volna		Submarine		Russian Navy
		Russian Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	L+1 hour	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
December	Zyb		Submarine, Pacific Ocean		Russian Navy
	Efir	RVSN	Suborbital	Technology	L+1 hour	Successful
	Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
10 April	Hiten	Crashed intentionally on the Moon
22 August	Mars Observer	Lost contact prior to orbit insertion
28 August	Galileo	Flyby of 243 Ida	Closest approach: 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi)

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
17 January	4 hours 28 minutes		STS-54 Endeavour	Gregory J. Harbaugh Mario Runco, Jr.	Tested space station construction techniques and mobility techniques.^[8]
19 April 17:15	5 hours 25 minutes	22:40	Mir EO-13 Kvant-2	Gennadi Manakov Aleksandr Poleshchuk	Used the Strela boom to install an electric motor on the Kvant-1 module for solar arrays originally installed on the Kristall module. After the installation, Poleshchuk noticed that one of the handles on the Strela boom had become loose and drifted away from Mir. The loss of the Strela handle meant the next EVA would have to be delayed until a new handle could be lifted to orbit the next Progress supply launch.
18 June 17:25	4 hours 33 minutes	21:58	Mir EO-13 Kvant-2	Gennadi Manakov Aleksandr Poleschuk	After receiving the replacement part, Manakov and Poleshchuk first repaired the Strela boom and then installed the second electric drive for the solar array.
25 June	5 hours 50 minutes		STS-57 Endeavour	G. David Low Peter Wisoff	Helped secure the antenna on the captured EURECA satellite in its stored position for return to earth. Then both spacewalkers practiced construction maneuvers on the RMS.^[9]
16 September 05:57	4 hours 18 minutes	10:16	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Began assembly of the experimental Rapana truss structure.
16 September 08:40	7 hours 5 minutes	15:45	STS-51 Discovery	James H. Newman Carl E. Walz	Carried out tests on tools, tethers, and a foot restraint system in anticipation of the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. A stuck tool chest lid slowed the closeout of spacewalk for at least 45 minutes.^[10]
20 September 03:51	3 hours 13 minutes	07:05	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Completed assembly of the Rapana truss.
28 September 00:57	1 hour 52 minutes	02:48	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Inspected the Mir exterior for damage from the recent Perseid meteoroid shower. The most notable damage they found was a 5-millimetre (0.20 in) hole on one of the solar arrays.
22 October 15:47	38 minutes	16:25	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Continued their inspection of the Mir exterior for damage from the Perseids.
29 October 13:38	4 hours 12 minutes	17:50	Mir EO-14 Kvant-2	Vasily Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov	Completed their inspection of the entire outer surface of the Mir. They observed several marks on the hull, there were no complete penetrations. The spacewalking team did notice an unidentified piece of metal drifting by the orbital complex during their inspections.
5 December 03:44	7 hours 54 minutes	11:38	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced two sets of gryoscopes and electrical control units, as well as a set of eight fuses. The spacewalks had considerable difficulty closing the latches on the doors due to thermal expansion of the closure bolts. Before re-entering the shuttle, the team prepared the payload bay for the next EVA.^[11]
6 December 03:29	6 hours 36 minutes	10:05	STS-61 Endeavour	Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas Akers	HST servicing: Thorton rode the RMS to handle the solar arrays while Akers made the cable connections as the team replaced two solar arrays on Hubble. One array was discarded into space, and one array was furled and stowed for return to earth.^[11]
7 December 03:35	6 hours 47 minutes	10:22	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced the WFPC with WFPC 2 and two magnetometers.^[11]
8 December 03:13	7 hours 21 minutes	10:03	STS-61 Endeavour	Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas Akers	HST servicing: Replaced Hubble's High Speed Photometer (HSP) with the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR). This replacement fixed the spherical aberration in Hubble's mirror. The HSP was stowed for return to earth.^[11]
9 December 03:30	7 hours 21 minutes	10:51	STS-61 Endeavour	Story Musgrave Jeffrey A. Hoffman	HST servicing: Replaced the electronics for the solar array drive motors. They also placed some made-on-Endeavour covers over the new magnetometers to protect them from debris.^[11]

References

Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
"NASASpaceFlight.com".
"Spaceflight Now".
"Space Information Center". JAXA.
"Space Calendar". NASA JPL.
"ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
"Launch Forecast". Space.com.
Clark, Stephen. "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now.
"U.S. Space Objects Registry".
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. Cosmoworld.ru (in Russian).

Generic references:

Footnotes

1 2 3 4 "Launch Log". Retrieved 2008-05-11.
↑ NASA (2007-11-23). "NASA – STS-54". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
↑ NASA (2007-11-23). "NASA – STS-56". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
↑ NASA (2007-11-23). "NASA – STS-55". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
↑ Iannotta, Becky (2009-02-11). "U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
↑ NASA (2007-11-23). "NASA – STS-57". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
↑ "NOTICE ADVISORY TO NAVSTAR USERS (NANU) 2013027". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
↑ "Space Shuttle Flight 53 (STS-54)". NASA. 2008. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
↑ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-57 (56)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
↑ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-51 (57)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
1 2 3 4 5 Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-61 (59)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-03.

Timeline of spaceflight
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1970s	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979
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