1975 Lice earthquake
  | |
| Date | 6 September 1975 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 6.7 Ms |
| Depth | 26 km |
| Epicenter | 38°28′26″N 40°43′23″E / 38.474°N 40.723°ECoordinates: 38°28′26″N 40°43′23″E / 38.474°N 40.723°E[1] |
| Areas affected | Turkey |
| Casualties | 2,311 dead |
The 1975 Lice earthquake was a magnitude 6.7 earthquake that struck the Turkish district of Lice at 12:20 local time (09:20 UTC) on 6 September 1975, killing 2,311 people. The epicenter was located near the town of Lice. The maximum felt intensity was VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale.[1]
Tectonic setting
The tectonics of Turkey are dominated by the effects of the continuing collision between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The main result of this collision is the southwestward escape of the Anatolian Plate by displacement along the North Anatolian and East Anatolian Faults. To the east of these faults, the plate boundary is a zone of orthogonal collision, with the relative displacement spread out over a wide zone, continuing as far north as the Greater Caucasus. The largest fault within the plate boundary zone is the west-east trending Bitlis frontal thrust and the 1975 earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on this structure.[2]
Damage
The main area of damage was located near the towns of Hani, Lice and Kulp. In Lice 12 out of the 13 mahalles (sections) of the town were completely destroyed. 6 schools, 6 mosques and 132 commercial buildings were damaged. In the 188 villages surrounding Lice that were affected, 5,555 houses suffered either severe damage or total destruction.[3]
Characteristics
The earthquake occurred near midday without any warning. The shaking continued for about 20–24 seconds.[3] The mainshock was followed by aftershocks that continued for more than a month. The focal mechanism for the earthquake suggests that it was associated with dominantly reverse movement on a fault plane dipping at 45° to the northwest with a significant sinistral (left lateral) component.[4]
Response
National
A total of 15,000 Turkish soldiers were involved in rescue and relief work, with the first personnel arriving just 3 hours after the earthquake. The government set aside a total of 34 million dollars for repair and reconstruction.[3]
International
Financial assistance from the international community, from both government and private sources reached a total of $14,837,058. The largest government contribution was from Saudi Arabia. Aid in the form of food and some other supplies from foreign agencies were treated with suspicion with much unfamiliar tinned food being sold for animal feed.[3]
Aftermath
Just 5 days after the earthquake, following a geological site investigation of suitable sites, the decision was made to relocate the town about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of its previous position. By 29 October 1975, 1,568 houses, 40 shops, a school, a mosque and a bakery were complete.[3]
References
- 1 2 NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ↑ Barka, A.; Reilinger R. (1997). "Active tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean region: deduced from GPS, neotectonic and seismicity data". Annali di Geofisica. 40 (3): 587–610. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mitchell, W.A. (1977). "Partial recovery and reconstruction after disaster: the Lice case" (PDF). Mass Emergencies. 2 (4): 233–247. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ↑ Moazami-Goudarzi, K.; Akasheh B. (1977). "The earthquake of September 6, 1975 in Lice (eastern Turkey)". Tectonophysics. 40 (3-4): 361–368. Bibcode:1977Tectp..40..361M. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(77)90074-9. Retrieved 2 October 2010.