1920 Buffalo All-Americans season

The 1920 Buffalo All-Americans season was the franchise's inaugural season with the American Professional Football Association (APFA), an American football league, and fifth total as a team. The All-Americans entered 1920 coming off a 9–1–1 record in 1919 as the Buffalo Prospects in the New York Pro Football League (NYPFL). Several representatives from another professional football league, the Ohio League, wanted to form a new national league, and thus the APFA was created.

Buffalo reshaped itself for the 1920 season. Only two players from the 1919 season stayed, and the team went into new management. Tommy Hughitt (one of the returning players) became the new coach, and Frank McNeil became the new owner. The All-Americans opened the season with a 32–6 victory over the local semi-pro team West Buffalo, en route to a 9-win, 1–loss, 1-tie (9–1–1) record. Its only loss of the season was a 3–0 game against the Canton Bulldogs. A meeting was held by the officials of the APFA to determine a winner, with each coach having a vote. The All-Americans stated their cases; they believed they should deserve the championship trophy because they had the most wins and were undefeated against the Akron Pros and the Decatur Staleys. The officials, however, awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup to the Akron Pros because they had a 1.000 winning percentage. Had standings been counted as they are as of today, the All-Americans would be co-champions.

The sportswriter Bruce Copeland compiled the 1920 All-Pro list, but no players from the All-Americans were on it. That is because Copeland wrote for the Rock Island Argus and did not see any players from the easternmost teams in the league. As of 2012, no player from the 1920 All-Americans has been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Offseason

Buffalo player-coach, Tommy Hughitt

In the 1919 season, the franchise was named the Buffalo Prospects, and finished with a 9–1–1 in the NYPFL.^[1] As a result, they won the New York Championship.^[2] After the 1919 season, the Prospects went under new management, and the name was changed to the All-Americans.^[3] Tommy Hughitt became the coach, and several players from the 1919 squad left. Of the 33 players on the 1919 team, only Barney Lepper and Tommy Hughitt remained on the team for the 1920 season.^[4][5]

After the 1919 season, representatives of four Ohio League teams—the Canton Bulldogs, the Cleveland Tigers, the Dayton Triangles, and the Akron Pros—called a meeting on August 20, 1920, to discuss the formation of a new league. At the meeting, they tentatively agreed on a salary cap and pledged not to sign college players or players already under contract with other teams. They also agreed on a name for the circuit: the American Professional Football Conference.^[6][7] They then invited other professional teams to a second meeting on September 17.

At that meeting, held at Bulldogs owner Ralph Hay's Hupmobile showroom in Canton, representatives of the Rock Island Independents, the Muncie Flyers, the Decatur Staleys, the Racine Cardinals, the Massillon Tigers, the Chicago Cardinals, and the Hammond Pros agreed to join the league. Representatives of the All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, but sent letters to Hay asking to be included in the league.^[8] Team representatives changed the league's name slightly to the American Professional Football Association and elected officers, installing Jim Thorpe as president.^[8][9][10] Under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played.^[11][12] Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy.^[13]

Schedule

The table below was compiled using the information from The Pro Football Archives, which used various contemporary newspapers.^[5] A dagger () indicated a non-APFA team. For the results column, the winning team's score is posted first. For the attendance, if a block has "N/A", then that means there is an unknown figure for that game. The green-colored cells indicates a win; the yellow-colored cells indicates a tie; and the red-colored cells indicate a loss.

Week	Date	Opponent	Result	Venue	Attendance	Record
1	No game scheduled
2	October 3, 1920	vs. West Buffalo	32–6 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	N/A	1–0
3	October 10, 1920	vs. All-Buffalo	51–0 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	N/A	2–0
4	October 17, 1920	vs. McKeesport Olympics	28–7 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	N/A	3–0
5	October 24, 1920	vs. Toledo Maroons	38–0 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	6,000	4–0
6	October 31, 1920	vs. Rochester Jeffersons	17–6 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	7,500	5–0
7	November 7, 1920	vs. All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks	35–0 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	7,000	6–0
8	November 14, 1920	vs. Columbus Panhandles	43–7 W	Buffalo Canisius Field	9,000	7–0
9	November 21, 1920	vs. Canton Bulldogs	3–0 L	Buffalo Baseball Park	9,000	7–1
10	November 28, 1920	vs. Cleveland Tigers	7–0 W	Buffalo Baseball Park	5,000	8–1
11	December 4, 1920	vs. Canton Bulldogs	7–3 W	Polo Grounds, New York City	12,000	9–1
	December 5, 1920	vs. Akron Pros	0–0 T	Buffalo Baseball Park	3,000	9–1–1
12	No game scheduled
13	No game scheduled

Game summaries

Week 2: vs. West Buffalo

October 3, 1920, at Canisius Field

To open the season, the All-Americans defeated the local, semi-pro team West Buffalo. Running back John Weldon scored a rushing touchdown early in the first quarter.^[14] Quarterback Tommy Hughitt and Weldon added touchdowns in the second quarter to make the score 19–0 going into halftime.^[14] Hughitt scored from a yard out in the third quarter to make the score 25–0.^[14] West Buffalo got on the scoreboard when Bob Langdon intercepted a Buffalo pass and ran it back 75 yards for a touchdown.^[14] This was West Buffalo's only points scored their entire year.^[15] Buffalo finished off the scoring in the fourth quarter and won the game 32–6.^[14]

Week 3: vs. All-Buffalo

October 10, 1920, at Canisius Field

For their second game of the season, the All-Americans played against another local team, the Buffalo All-Buffalo. Once again, the All-Americans shut out their opponents, winning 51–0. In the first quarter, Weldon scored a rushing touchdown. In the second quarter, the All-Americans scored three times: Running back Ockie Anderson returned a punt for a touchdown, Hughitt ran for a rushing touchdown, and Weldon caught a receiving touchdown from Hughitt. To start the second half, Anderson scored another rushing touchdown, and that was the only score of the third quarter. In the final quarter, Anderson kicked a 35-yard field goal. Also, defensive end Murray Shelton recovered a fumble and returned it for a touchdown. Hughitt's rushing touchdown was the final score of the game.^[16]

Week 4: vs. McKeesport Olympics

October 17, 1920, at Canisius Field

The McKeesport Olympics, a team from McKeesport, Pennsylvania, was the All-Americans next opponent. This game had to be played outside of Pennsylvania because of that state's blue laws which disallowed football on Sundays.^[17] In fact, this was one of only two away games for the Olympics.^[18] Hughitt scored a rushing touchdown in the first quarter to start the game.^[16] In the second quarter, Hughitt threw a touchdown pass to offensive lineman Heinie Miller to bring the All-Americans' lead to 14–0 going into halftime.^[16] The Olympics scored their only points of the game in the third quarter. A player with the last name of Schreiner caught a receiving touchdown.^[16] The All-Americans answered when offensive lineman Lou Little blocked a field goal and ran it back for a touchdown.^[16] The final score of the game came when Shelton caught a receiving touchdown in the fourth quarter from Hughitt.^[16]

Week 5: vs. Toledo Maroons

October 24, 1920, at Canisius Field

For the All-Americans' next game, they played against the Toledo Maroons. Based in Toledo, Ohio, the Maroons were an independent team but became part of the APFA in 1922.^[19] Coming into the game, the Maroons had not scored a point for the entire season, and that streak continued this game.^[20] Six thousand people were in attendance for the 38–0 All-Americans victory.^[5] In the first quarter, Anderson returned a 40-yard and a 50-yard punt for two touchdowns.^[16] Hughitt scored a rushing touchdown in the second quarter, and Weldon kicked a 35-yard field goal to make the score 24–0 at halftime.^[16] Anderson scored the final two touchdowns of the game. He scored two rushing touchdowns: one in the third quarter and one in the fourth quarter.^[16]

Week 6: vs. Rochester Jeffersons

October 31, 1920, at Canisius Field

In week six, the All-Americans played their first game against an APFA team, challenging the Rochester Jeffersons. The All-Americans received the kickoff, and on its opening drive kicked a 30-yard field goal.^[3][21] The Jeffersons' first drive resulted a turnover on downs.^[3] Weldon scored a 3-yard rushing touchdown on the resulting All-Americans' drive.^[21] Rochester running back Jim Laird scored all of his team's points. In the second and the fourth quarter, he kicked a 30-yard and a 33-yard field goal, respectively.^[21] The All-Americans' final score of the game came from a blocked punt. Red Quigley was punting from his own end zone when Swede Youngstrom blocked the punt, and defensive guard Bill Brace ran it back.^[21]

Week 7: vs. All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks

November 7, 1920, at Canisius Field

The All-Americans next game was against the All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks, who would join the APFA the following year.^[22] Anderson scored a rushing touchdown to put the All-Americans up 7–0 at the end of the first quarter.^[23] The All-Americans followed up with three touchdowns in the next quarter. Anderson rushed for two, and running back Barney Lepper rushed for another one.^[23] Hughitt scored the All-Americans' last touchdown of the game in the third quarter when he rushed for a touchdown.^[23] The final score of the game was 35–0.^[5] This game was the Lumberjacks only loss of the season, and the only game in which they failed to score a point.^[24]

Week 8: vs. Columbus Panhandles

November 14, 1920, at Canisius Field

With 9,000 fans in attendance, the All-Americans played an APFA opponent, the Columbus Panhandles.^[25] At the end of the first quarter, the Panhandles were winning 7–6. After that, the game "proved disastrous", according to football historian Chris Willis, to the Panhandles.^[26] The final score was 43–7. The Panhandles' only score was a receiving touchdown from Homer Ruh.^[27] The All-Americans had six rushing touchdowns, four of which came from Smith. The other two came from Anderson and Hughitt. From these six rushing touchdowns, five of the extra points were converted, and the All-Americans' defense got a safety.^[27]

Week 9: vs. Canton Bulldogs

November 21, 1920, at Buffalo Baseball Park

In week nine, the All-Americans played the Bulldogs. Jim Thorpe, who was later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, started the game for the Bulldogs, but he came out at halftime because he believed it would end in a tie. Both teams were slowed by a muddy field, and the football became soggy after three quarters. Neither the All-Americans nor the Bulldogs could gain a lot of yards during the game. The lone score of the game came with under four minutes to play: a field goal from the Bulldogs' Al Feeney. He never missed a field goal the entire 1920 season, and the final score of the game was 3–0.^[28]

Week 10: vs. Cleveland Tigers

November 28, 1920, at Buffalo Baseball Park

Following their first loss of the season, the All-Americans challenged the Cleveland Tigers. The owner of the Tigers, Jimmy O'Donnell, helped with the foundation of the APFA.^[29] A total of 5,000 fans showed up to the game.^[5] The only score of the game came in the third quarter. Anderson scored an 8-yard rushing touchdown.^[30] This loss for the Tigers would be their final game of the season.^[31]

Week 11: vs. Canton Bulldogs

December 4, 1920, at Polo Grounds

The following week, the All-Americans played their second game against the Bulldogs, winning 7–3.^[32] The Bulldogs did not get a first down or complete a pass during the game,^[33] but Thorpe kicked a field goal in the third quarter after a fumble recovery for the team's only score.^[32] In the fourth quarter, All-Americans tackle Youngstrom blocked a Thorpe punt and returned it for a touchdown.^[33] The Sunday Chronicle named Thorpe, Henry and Lowe as the Bulldogs' stars, while Anderson, Youngstrom, and Miller were the standouts for the All-Americans.^[32]

Week 11: vs. Akron Pros

December 5, 1920, at Buffalo Baseball Park

The All-Americans had the Akron Pros as their next opponent. The All-Americans were tired from their victory against the Canton Bulldogs the day before.^[34] Before the start of the game, Bob Nash of Akron was sold to the All-Americans for $300 and 5% of the Akron-Buffalo gate, making the first deal in APFA history.^[34] The reason for the trade was because rain caused a low amount of fans, and the game would not have been profitable for the Pros.^[34] However, Nash did not appear in the game for either team, and Scotty Bierce replaced Nash for the Pros.^[34] The rain caused sloppy game play as well as a small crowd of 3,000 people.^[5][34] The All-Americans had an opportunity to score in the final minutes of the game. Fritz Pollard fumbled the ball, and Heinie Miller recovered it. Buffalo had the ball on the 12-yard-line, but the officials called the end of the game.^[35] It resulted in a 0–0 tie.^[5]

Post-season

Since there were no playoff system in the APFA until 1932,^[36] a meeting was held to determine the 1920 APFA Champions.^[34] Each team that showed up had a vote to determine the champions. The All-Americans stated that they should win the award because they had more wins and were not beaten by the Akron Pros.^[34] Since the Akron Pros had a 1.000 winning percentage, however, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup on April 30, 1921.^[13] Ties were not counted in standings until 1972, which is why Akron is credited with a 1.000 winning percentage.^[37] The sportswriter Bruce Copeland compiled the All-Pro list for the 1920 season. No player from the All-Americans were on the list.^[38]

Roster

Standings

1920 APFA standings[39]
	W	L	T	PCT	DIV	PF	PA	STK
Akron Pros	8	0	3	1.000	6–0–3	151	7	T2
Decatur Staleys	10	1	2	.909	5–1–2	164	21	T1
Buffalo All-Americans	9	1	1	.900	4–1–1	258	32	T1
Chicago Cardinals	6	2	2	.750	3–2–2	101	29	T1
Rock Island Independents	6	2	2	.750	4–2–1	201	49	W1
Dayton Triangles	5	2	2	.714	4–2–2	150	54	L1
Rochester Jeffersons	6	3	2	.667	0–1	156	57	T1
Canton Bulldogs	7	4	2	.636	4–3–1	208	57	W1
Detroit Heralds	2	3	3	.400	1–3	53	82	T2
Cleveland Tigers	2	4	2	.333	1–4–2	28	46	L1
Chicago Tigers	2	5	1	.286	1–5–1	49	63	W1
Hammond Pros	2	5	0	.286	0–3	41	154	L3
Columbus Panhandles	2	6	2	.250	0–4	41	121	W1
Muncie Flyers	0	1	0	.000	0–1	0	45	L1

   Awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup and named APFA Champions.
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.

Notes

References

• Carroll, Bob (1982). "Akron Pros 1920" (PDF). The Coffin Corner. Professional Football Researchers Association. 4 (12). 
• Crippen, Ken (2001). "1919 Buffalo Prospects" (PDF). The Coffin Corner. Professional Football Researchers Association. 23 (5). 
• Crippen, Ken (2009). The Original Buffalo Bills: A History of the All-America Football Conference Team, 1946–1949. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4619-3. 
• Davis, Jeff (2005). Papa Bear, The Life and Legacy of George Halas. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-146054-3. 
• Grabowski, John (1992). Sports in Cleveland: An Illustrated History. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20747-0. 
• Hogrogian, John (1984). "1920 All-Pros" (PDF). The Coffin Corner. Professional Football Researchers Association. 6 (1). 
• Peterson, Robert (1997). Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507607-9. 
• PFRA Research (1980). "Happy Birthday NFL?" (PDF). The Coffin Corner. Professional Football Researchers Association. 2 (8). 
• Siwoff, Seymour; Zimmber, Jon; Marini, Matt (2010). The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010. National Football League. ISBN 978-1-60320-833-8. 
• Willis, Chris (2007). The Columbus Panhandles: A Complete History of Pro Football's Toughest Team, 1900–1922. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5893-0. 

Further reading

• Miller, Jeffrey (2004). Buffalo's Forgotten Champions: The Story of Buffalo's First Professional Football Team and the Lost 1921 Title. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4134-5006-4. OCLC 62741326.