1611

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February - Sunspots seen.

May - King James Version of the Bible.

1611 (MDCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Julian calendar, the 1611th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 611th year of the 2nd millennium, the 11th year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1611, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius and Johannes publishes the results of these observations in De Maculis in Sole observatis in Wittenberg later this year.^[1] Such early discoveries are overlooked however, and the first sighting is claimed a few months later by Galileo Galilei and Christoph Scheiner.
• March 4 – George Abbot is enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
• March 9 – Yemana Kristos, brother of Emperor of Ethiopia Susenyos I, ends the rebellion of Melka Sedeq in the Battle of Segaba in Begemder.
• April 4 – Denmark declares war on Sweden, then captures Kalmar.
• April 28 – The Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario is established in Manila, the Philippines (later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, now known as the University of Santo Tomas).
• May 2 – The Authorized King James Version of the Bible is published for the first time in London, England, printed by Robert Barker.
• May 9 – In Japan, sixteen-year-old Emperor Go-Mizunoo succeeds Emperor Go-Yōzei.
• June 22 – The English explorer and sea captain Henry Hudson, his teenage son John, and six crewmen are set adrift in or near Hudson Bay after a mutiny on his ship Discovery. They are never seen again.

July–December

• August 2 – Jamestown: Deputy Governor Sir Thomas Gates returns to Virginia with 280 people, provisions and cattle on 6 ships and assumes control, ruling that the fort must be strengthened.
• September – Jamestown: Thomas Dale, with 350 men, starts building Henricus.
• October 30 – Gustavus Adolphus succeeds his father Charles IX as King of Sweden.
• November 1 – At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeare's last solo play The Tempest is performed, perhaps for the first time.

Date unknown

• Uprising in Moscow, Russia against occupying Polish forces, resulting in a major fire.
• Jamestown: John Rolfe imports tobacco seeds from the island of Trinidad (Nicotiana tabacum); the native tobacco is Nicotiana rustica.
• Thomas Dale founds the city of Henricus on the James River, a few miles south of present day Richmond, Virginia.
• Construction begins on Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, Persia.
• Thomas Sutton founds Charterhouse School on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London.

John Pell born 1 March

Evliya Çelebi born 25 March

William Cartwright (dramatist) born 1 September

Births

January–March

• January 3 – James Harrington, English political theorist of classical republicanism (d. 1677)
• January 5 – Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich, Pretender to the Russian throne (d. 1614)
• January 28 – Johannes Hevelius, astronomer (d. 1687)
• February 2 – Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (d. 1633)
• February 3 – Christian Ulrik Gyldenløve, Danish diplomat and military officer (d. 1640)
• February 5 (bapt.) – Philip Sherman, English-born founder of Rhode Island (d. 1687)
• February 6 – Chongzhen Emperor (d. 1644)
• February 19 – Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician (d. 1678)
• February 24 – William Dobson (d. 1646)
• February 28 – William Brereton, 2nd Baron Brereton, English politician (d. 1664)
• March 1 – John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
• March 9 – Pierre-Joseph-Marie Chaumonot, French missionary (d. 1693)
• March 15 – Jan Fyt, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1661)
• March 17 – Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge, Swedish field marshal (d. 1662)
• March 25 – Evliya Çelebi, Ottoman Turk, travelled around the Ottoman Empire for 40 years (d. 1682)
• March 28
  • Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1687)
  • Henry Sherburne, American colonial people (d. 1680)

April–June

• April 11 – Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1684)
• April 17 – Simone Pignoni, Italian painter (d. 1698)
• May 4 – Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect (d. 1691)
• May 16 – Pope Innocent XI (d. 1689)
• May 19 – Joachim Irgens von Westervick, Dano–Norwegian nobleman (d. 1675)
• May 20 – John Brockett, Co-founder of New Haven Colony (d. 1690)
• June 15 – Salomon Sweers, Dutch businessman (d. 1674)
• June 22 – Pablo Bruna, blind Spanish composer and organist (d. 1679)
• June 24 – Johan Oxenstierna, Count and a Swedish statesman (d. 1657)
• June 28 – Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick (d. 1659)

July–September

• July 4 – Gian Carlo de' Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1663)
• July 15 – Jai Singh I, Maharaja of Jaipur (d. 1667)
• July 16 – Archduchess, Cecilia Renata of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1644)
• July 21 – Jan van Balen, Flemish painter (d. 1654)
• July 23 – Henry Hungerford, English politician (d. 1673)
• July 24 – Giancarlo de' Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1663)
• August 4 – Jan van den Hoecke, painter (d. 1651)
• August 9 – Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1652)
• September 1 – William Cartwright, English dramatist (d. 1643)
• September 3 – Toussaint Rose, French writer (d. 1701)
• September 4 – George III of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (1633–1664) (d. 1664)
• September 8 – Johann Friedrich Gronovius, German classical scholar (d. 1671)
• September 11 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (d. 1675)
• September 17 – Johann Olearius, German hymnwriter (d. 1684)

October–December

• October 1 – Mathias Balen, Dutch writer (d. 1691)
• October 11
  • Samuel Enys, English politician (d. 1697)
  • Hugues de Lionne, French statesman (d. 1671)
• October 22 – Jacques Esprit, French writer (d. 1677)
• October 26
  • Ove Bjelke, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1674)
  • Antonio Coello, Spanish dramatist and poet (d. 1652)
• November 1
  • François-Marie, comte de Broglie, prominent soldier and commander in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1656)
  • Walter J. Johnson, English explorer and fur trader (d. 1703)
• November 12 – Joachim Gersdorff, Danish politician (d. 1661)
• November 18 – Andreas Tscherning, German poet (d. 1659)
• December 23 – Abraham Wright, Theological writer and deacon (d. 1690)
• December – Leonora Baroni, Italian singer (d. 1670)

Date unknown

• Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1684)
• Diego Quispe Tito, Peruvian painter (d. 1681)

Probable

• Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French count and musketeer, on whom the fictional D'Artagnan from the novel The Three Musketeers is based (d. 1673)

Deaths

Juan de Ribera died 6 January

Christian II, Elector of Saxony died 23 June

Eleanor de' Medici died 9 September

Charles IX of Sweden died 30 October

January–March

• January 6 – Juan de Ribera, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1532)
• February 7 – Ruprecht von Eggenberg, Austrian general (b. 1546)
• February 12
  • Henry Lee of Ditchley, English noble (b. 1533)
  • Jodocus Hondius, cartographer (b. 1563)
• February 26 – Antonio Possevino, Jesuit protagonist of Counter Reformation as a papal diplomat (b. 1533)
• March 2 – Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German suke (b. 1564)
• March 3 – William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus, son of William Douglas (b. 1552)
• March 5 – Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1533)
• March 13 – Louis III, Count of Löwenstein (1541–1611) (b. 1530)
• March 17 – Princess Sophia of Sweden (b. 1547)
• March 20 – Johann Georg Gödelmann, German demonologist (b. 1559)

April–June

• April 23 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German alchemist (b. 1569)
• May 19
  • Frederick IX, Margrave of Brandenburg, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (b. 1588)
  • Zhu Zaiyu (b. 1536)
• June 8 – Jean Bertaut, French poet (b. 1552)
• June 23 – Christian II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1583)

July–September

• July 9 – János Imreffy, Hungarian politician (b. 1559)
• July 26 – Horio Yoshiharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1542)
• August – Antoni Clarassó i Terès, Spanish priest
• August 2 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1561)
• August 9 – John Blagrave, English mathematician (b. 1561)
• August 27 – Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish composer (b. c. 1548)
• September 9 – Eleanor de' Medici (b. 1567)
• September 17 – Johannes Corputius, Dutch engineer, cartographer and military leader (b. 1542)
• September 18 – John Augustus, Count Palatine of Lützelstein, German count (b. 1575)
• September 25 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (b. 1564)

October–December

• October 3
  • Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (b. 1584)
  • Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (b. 1554)
• October 11 – Thomas Blague, English priest and writer (b. 1545)
• October 30 – King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)
• November 6 – Peter Vok, Czech noble (b. 1539)
• November 17 – Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans, French duke (b. 1607)
• November 22 – Thomas Berkeley, English politician (b. 1575)

Date unknown

• Camillo Mariani, sculptor (b. 1565)
• Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, Turkish beylerbey
• Henry Hudson, explorer

References