Open front rounded vowel
| Open front rounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɶ | |||
| IPA number | 312 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ɶ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0276 | ||
| X-SAMPA |
& | ||
| Kirshenbaum |
a. | ||
| Braille |
  | ||
| |||
| Sound | |||
 source · help | |||
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The open front rounded vowel, or low front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, not confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɶ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is &. The letter ⟨ɶ⟩ is a small caps rendition of ⟨Œ⟩. Note that ⟨œ⟩, the lowercase version of the ligature, is used for the open-mid front rounded vowel.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".
Riad (2014) reports that [ɶː] in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from [ɒː]. He states that it is "a sign that these vowels are phonetically very close".[1]
Features
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- Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth – that is, as low as possible in the mouth.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Note that rounded front vowels are often centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-front.
- It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.
Occurrence
A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the Amstetten dialect of Austro-Bavarian German. However, phonetically it is open-mid, i.e. [œ].[2]
It occurs allophonically in Danish, Weert Limburgish and some speakers of Swedish.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish | Standard[3][4] | grøn | [ˈɡ̊ʁ̞ɶ̽nˀ] | 'green' | Near-open near-front;[3] allophone of /œ/ (and /ø/ when before /v/) after /r/.[5] Some speakers may realize it the same as [œ].[4] See Danish phonology |
| Limburgish | Weert dialect[6] | bùj | [bɶj] | 'shower' | Allophone of /œ/ before /j/.[6] |
| Swedish | Stockholm[1] | öra | [ˈɶ̂ːˈrâ̠] | 'ear' | Pre-/r/ allophone of /œ/ and (more often) /øː/ for younger speakers.[1] Open-mid [œ, œː] for other speakers.[1] See Swedish phonology |
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 Riad (2014:38)
- ↑ Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:290)
- 1 2 Grønnum (1998:100)
- 1 2 Basbøll (2005:46): "Nina Grønnum uses two different symbols for the vowels in these and similar words: gøre she transcribes with (...) [œ] (narrow transcription), and grøn she transcribes with (...) [ɶ̝] (narrow transcription). Clearly, there is variation within Standard Danish on this point (...)."
- ↑ Grønnum (2005:288)
- 1 2 Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998:110)
Bibliography
- Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
- Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1–2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006290
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
- Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998), "The Dutch dialect of Weert" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28: 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
- Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
- Traunmüller, Hartmut (1982), "Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.", Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, 2: 289–333